姓名权网络侵权问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 19:38

本文关键词： 姓名权网络侵权立法建议　出处：《云南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着互联网的普及和传播,网络为人们生活提高便利的同时,滋生了很多新的侵权行为。姓名权,是我国民法为保护姓名这一重要的人格标识而设立的一项具体人格权。在网络时代,姓名权侵权的问题呈现出新的特征：一方面,姓名权逐渐发展成为具有一定财产利益的人格权,自然人姓名具有越来越高的经济价值,姓名不断商业化,特别是公众人物的姓名,被他人非法收集或者利用其姓名在网上推广商品、提高影响力的侵权行为变得更加频繁,姓名权网络侵权问题频发。另一方面,姓名不断的去正式化,很多网络用户可以自行决定和使用自己的名字,既可是真名也可是网名。而cookies等新型网络跟踪软件能够确定具体的民事主体,具有辨别性,再加上网络环境高度开放自由的特点,使得姓名权网络侵权问题更加的复杂。我国对于网络侵权方面的相关规范虽然看起来很多,但还存在立法层次较低、可操作性不强等诸多问题,且相当一部分是空白的,这一切都对我国立法提出了更高的要求。因此,完善我国的姓名权网络侵权方面的立法具有深远的现实意义。本文采用的研究方法有概念分析法、历史考察法、文义分析法与比较研究法,通过概念分析法,明确姓名权及其姓名权网络侵权的概念及其特征,随着网络时代的发展,明确姓名权的客体具有精神利益和财产利益的双重属性,故不断遭受侵害；通过历史考察法,笔者指出了姓名权的历史沿革,保护姓名权的制度由来已久,顺应时代的要求,不断完善我国的姓名权网络侵权的立法；通过文义分析的方法,笔者理清了姓名权网络侵权与名誉权、著作权网络侵权的联系和区别；通过比较法研究,本文探索了美国、欧盟和日本对姓名权网络侵权问题的立法规定,对完善我国姓名权网络侵权的立法有借鉴意义。笔者围绕姓名权网络侵权这一主题,从姓名权网络侵权相关的基本理论探讨出发,分五个部分对该问题进行全面系统的论述。第一部分,姓名权网络侵权相关基本理论的探讨。该部分主要针对姓名权的历史沿革、概念和性质,姓名权网络侵权的概念和基本特征、姓名权网络侵权的主要表现形式、姓名权网络侵权与相关网络侵权行为的联系与区别进行了论述。第二部分是姓名权网络侵权的责任认定。主要介绍了姓名权网络侵权的责任主体、构成要件和归责原则,与传统的姓名权侵权认定相区别。第三部分,姓名权网络侵权的比较法研究。该部分主要从比较法的角度,分析了美国、欧盟和日本对于姓名权网络侵权问题方面的做法,对这些国家的立法进行比较分析,为完善我国的网络立法提供依据。第四部分,我国姓名权网络侵权的立法现状及其存在的问题。通过对于我国姓名权互联网环境下侵权行为的相关立法进行论述,分析出我国现有网络立法中存在的问题。第五部分,完善我国姓名权网络侵权立法规制的建议。根据我国现有的立法和司法实践,结合国外立法的相关规定,明确立法的原则,完善立法的具体内容。首先,制定一部专门的网络立法。总结现有立法中成熟的概念和方法、司法实践中积累的判决内容,结合学者的整理和评论,形成体系完整、可操作性强的网络专门立法；其次,明确实体立法的具体内容。包括统一网络活动主体的概念,根据不同的主体区分责任和免责条件,确定主观故意的认定标准；再次,完善网络侵权的程序立法。制定电子证据相配套的制度,合理分配举证责任,明确网络侵权地域管辖的顺位规则；最后,加强网络行业自律的法律规范,将网络自律和法律结合起来,通过法律的权威性和强制性保证网络行业发挥更好的自律效果。
[Abstract]:With the popularization and spread of the Internet, the network for people to improve the convenience, breeding a lot of new infringement. The right of name, is one of the specific personality right in our civil law for the protection of the name of this important personality set up. In the Internet era, the name right infringement issues showing the new features: on the one hand, the right of name gradually developed into a certain property interests of right of personality, the name of a natural person has a higher economic value, the name of continuous commercialization, especially the names of public figures, illegally collecting or using its name in the promotion of goods online, improve the influence of tort is becoming more and more frequent and frequent problems the right of name of Internet infringement. On the other hand, the name of the constant to formal, many network users can decide and use their own name, but also both real name and cookies name. But new Network tracking software can determine the specific civil subject, can identify, coupled with the network environment highly open and free features, makes the problem more complicated network name right infringement in our country. Relevant norms of network infringement although it looks like a lot, but still in the low level of legislation, operability is not strong. A lot of problems, and some are blank, all this to our legislation put forward higher requirements. So it has far-reaching practical significance to improve China's right to name network infringement legislation.
The research methods used in this paper are concept analysis, historical analysis, and comparative research method to analyze the meaning, through concept analysis, a clear right of name and the right of name of network infringement concept and its characteristics, with the development of the Internet age, the dual attributes of object clear right of name has spiritual interests and property interests, so continue to suffer abuse; through historical investigation method, the author points out the historical evolution of the right to name, the right to name the long-standing protection system, conform to the requirements of the times, and constantly improve our country's name right of network infringement legislation; through the method of textual analysis, the author clarifies the right of name and the right of reputation infringement in the network, network copyright infringement the relation and difference; through the study of comparative law, this paper explores the problem of the United States, the right of name of network infringement of the EU and Japan legislation, to perfect the legislation of infringement of right of name network in China The law has reference significance.
I focus on the right to name the theme of Internet infringement, starting from the basic theory of Internet infringement related to the right of name, is divided into five parts systematically discussed the issue. The first part discusses the right to name the network infringement related basic theory. This part of history for the right of name, concept and nature, the concept of name the right of network tort and the basic characteristics of the right of name network infringement is the main form of expression, the relation and difference between the right of name network infringement and related network infringement are discussed. The second part is the name right of network infringement responsibility cognizance. Mainly introduces the name of network infringement liability, constitutive requirements and the principle of imputation, phase different from the traditional name right infringement. The third part, the study of comparative law of name right infringement. The main part of the network from the perspective of comparative law analysis of the United States, the European Union and Japan For the problem of network name right infringement practices, carried on the comparative analysis of the national legislation, provide the basis for the improvement of our network legislation. The fourth part, and the existing legislation of our country the right to name network infringement problems. Through the discussion of relevant legislation for our country the right to name the Internet environment tort and analyzed the problems of China's current network problems in legislation. The fifth part, perfect the legislation of the right to name the network infringement suggestions. According to China's existing legislation and judicial practice, combined with the relevant provisions of foreign legislation, clear the principles of legislation, improve the specific content of the legislation. Firstly, establish a special network this paper summarizes the concept and methods of legislation. The existing legislation, the judgment of the content accumulation in the judicial practice, combined with the scholar's arrangement and comment, formed a complete system, strong operability of network professionals The door legislation; secondly, clear the specific content of legislation. The concept includes the unified network activity of the subject, according to the different subjects to distinguish between responsibility and exemption conditions, determine the subjective intent of the standards; thirdly, perfect the procedure of network infringement legislation. To develop the electronic evidence supporting system, a reasonable allocation of the burden of proof, clear regional network infringement under the jurisdiction of a rule; finally, the legal norms to strengthen network self-discipline, self-discipline and legal network will combine the legal authority and mandatory guarantee network industry self-discipline effect is better.

【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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