公法视野下我国未成年人监护干预制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 01:14

本文选题：未成年人监护　切入点：监护监督　出处：《上海师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：未成年人是国家的希望。未成年人监护制度是每个国家为未成年人特别制定的保护伞。随着社会各项事业的不断发展,为保护未成年人而制定的法律法规也日益完善,但是近年来因家庭监护不当、监护人失职行为导致未成年人合法权益受损案件的日益曝光,人们开始探求完善未成年人保护的各项制度,以保障未成年人监护制度在维护未成年人人身、财产及其他合法权益方面发挥更加有效的作用。我国在《民法通则》的基础上,建立了《未成年人保护法》等一系列未成年人监护体系,但是其中存在的包括法律层面上过于笼统模糊、监护制度不尽完善、各项配套措施不健全等各种问题都是亟待探索研究新的制度改革的表现及原因。而日益成熟的“公权干预”制度是世界上许多大国在不断研究并探索本国发展模式的基础上实行的一种国家监护的制度格局。放眼世界,大陆法系以及英美法系两个不同的法系对于监护产生的问题根据国情出发,都借鉴了现代意义上的监护干预理念。因此我国一定程度上可以在分析其针对未成年人监护的监督以及国家政府干预制度的立法状况之余,从其较为完善的监护干预法律体系以及成熟的监护干预制度出发探究其文化意义与实际参考价值。国家公权力在监护领域的体现一定程度上使监护制度在私法自治之余兼具了公法属性。在借鉴国外有效的制度背景下构建公法视野下未成年人监护干预制度、包括完善各项配套机制以及建立有效的监护监督制度是势在必行也是切实可行的。本文主要分五个部分来阐述分析公法视野下我国关于未成年人监护干预制度的研究及相关问题。本文从介绍该论题的研究目的及研究意义入手来阐述该论题的现实和理论意义。并对未成年人监护干预进行基本界定,从其含义和内容表现形式出发,用最基础的循序渐进的方式来引出并介绍国家干预制度的性质以及其产生的原因。同时通过归纳对比国内外关于监护干预制度的研究现状,从而发现我国在监护干预制度上的不完善。最后是本文写作的最后核心观点所在。主要是关于完善和发展公法视野下我国未成年人监护干预制度的完善建议。相应的完善意见主要是从社会、行政、司法等方面提出,包括从理论上区分监护与亲权、构建监护的公权干预机制、监护监督机制以及社会各项配套机制等,同时分别论证了其实施的有效性与可行性。
[Abstract]:Minors are the hope of the country. The guardianship system of minors is a special umbrella for minors in every country. With the continuous development of various social undertakings, the laws and regulations for the protection of minors are becoming more and more perfect. However, in recent years, due to improper family custody and the negligence of guardians, the cases of minors' legitimate rights and interests have become increasingly exposed. People have begun to explore and improve the various systems for the protection of minors. In order to ensure that the guardianship system of minors plays a more effective role in safeguarding the personal, property and other legitimate rights and interests of minors. A series of minor guardianship systems, such as the Law on the Protection of minors, have been established, but among them, the legal aspects are too general and vague, and the guardianship system is not perfect. Various problems, such as imperfect supporting measures, are urgent to explore the performance and reasons of the new system reform. The increasingly mature system of "public power intervention" is the constant research and exploration of its own development model in many big countries in the world. A system of state guardianship. The problems of guardianship in two different legal systems, civil law system and common law system, are based on the national conditions. Therefore, to a certain extent, our country can analyze the supervision of minors and the legislative situation of the state government intervention system. From its relatively perfect legal system of guardianship intervention and mature system of guardianship intervention, this paper probes into its cultural significance and practical reference value. To a certain extent, the embodiment of state public power in the field of guardianship makes guardianship system in private law from the perspective of private law. It also has the attribute of public law. Under the background of foreign effective system, the system of minors' guardianship and intervention is constructed under the view of public law. It is imperative and feasible to set up an effective guardianship supervision system. This paper is divided into five parts to explain and analyze the intervention system of minors' guardianship in the field of public law. This paper introduces the purpose and significance of the research on this topic to explain the practical and theoretical significance of the topic, and the basic definition of the intervention of guardianship of minors. Starting from its meaning and content, this paper introduces the nature of the state intervention system and the reasons for its emergence by the most basic step-by-step approach. Meanwhile, it summarizes and compares the current research situation of the guardianship intervention system at home and abroad. Finally, it is the final core point of view of this paper. It is mainly about perfecting and developing the system of minor guardianship intervention in public law. Suggestions for perfection should be made mainly from the perspective of society. Administrative, judicial and other aspects, including the theoretical distinction between guardianship and parental rights, the establishment of guardianship of the public right intervention mechanism, guardianship supervision mechanism and social supporting mechanisms, etc., at the same time, the effectiveness and feasibility of its implementation are demonstrated.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923

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