反垄断法视野下消费者权益保护的研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 18:03

本文选题：反垄断法　切入点：消费者权益保护　出处：《吉林财经大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于市场经济存在一些固有的缺陷和无法弥补的问题,政府必须参与到市场经济中来,通过制定相关的法律制度和行政制度对市场经济进行调节。当市场经济发展到一定的阶段就会出现一些大型的垄断企业,这些企业会排挤该行业中中小型企业,决定行业产品和服务价格,影响正常的市场竞争秩序,阻碍商品市场的合理发展,甚至影响国家民主政治的发展,基于这种情况,一些国家开始制定反垄断法。但由于市场经济发展的不确定性,垄断企业的行为存在较大的复杂性,这就为反垄断法律的制定带来了很大的困难。根据市场竞争丧失的根源不同,可以对垄断行为进行如下划分:一种是人为垄断;另一种为自然垄断,其中前者又可以分为以下几种类型:一是法定垄断,这种垄断行为是受到法律保护和支持的,例如版权垄断、专利垄断、商标权垄断等,这种法定垄断的目的就为了保护人们合法的脑力劳动,保护知识产权;二是行政垄断,例如当前比较盛行的地区保护主义以及部门保护主义,其中行政许可制度的实施也属于一种行政垄断;有些行政垄断是合理的,有些行政垄断是不合理的,应该根据实际情况进行区分。三是经济垄断,例如大型的垄断企业合并小企业,排挤行业内部的中小企业以及滥用市场等。反垄断法在制定的过程中,必须明确各种垄断活动的特征,确切区分出各类垄断活动,并针对其采用不同的应对策略,例如对自然垄断应该采取豁免制度,对法定垄断应该支持,对排挤中小企业以及恶意抬高物价的市场垄断应该采取惩罚措施。在反垄断法制定过程中,一个重大的难题就是区分垄断行为是否合法。在市场交易中,存在消费者、生产者以及潜在竞争者多方利益,反垄断法对各种垄断行为的解读和判断必须合理衡量不同市场参与者的利益,合理判断这种行为是否有利于提高经济发展效率,是否有利于保护消费者权益,是否有利于确保市场竞争的公平性。
[Abstract]:Because the market economy has some inherent defects and irreparable problems, the government must participate in the market economy. Regulate the market economy by formulating relevant legal and administrative systems. When the market economy reaches a certain stage, there will be some large monopolies, which will crowd out small and medium-sized enterprises in the industry. Based on this situation, determining the prices of products and services in the industry, affecting the normal order of market competition, impeding the rational development of the commodity market and even affecting the development of democratic politics in the country, Some countries have begun to formulate anti-monopoly laws. However, due to the uncertainty of the development of the market economy, the behavior of monopoly enterprises is more complicated. This brings great difficulties to the formulation of antitrust laws. According to the root causes of the loss of market competition, monopoly behavior can be divided as follows: one is artificial monopoly, the other is natural monopoly. The former can be divided into the following types: first, legal monopoly, which is protected and supported by law, such as copyright monopoly, patent monopoly, trademark monopoly, etc. The purpose of this legal monopoly is to protect the legitimate mental work of people and protect intellectual property rights; second, administrative monopolies, such as regional protectionism and sectoral protectionism, which are more prevalent at present, The implementation of the administrative license system also belongs to one kind of administrative monopoly; some administrative monopoly is reasonable, some administrative monopoly is unreasonable, should distinguish according to the actual situation. Third, the economic monopoly, For example, large monopoly enterprises merge small enterprises, crowd out small and medium-sized enterprises in the industry, abuse the market, etc. In the process of formulating the anti-monopoly law, it is necessary to clearly identify the characteristics of various monopoly activities and distinguish exactly all kinds of monopoly activities. And adopt different coping strategies, such as exemption system for natural monopoly, legal monopoly should be supported. Punishment should be taken against market monopolies that crowd out small and medium-sized enterprises and inflate prices maliciously. In the process of making the anti-monopoly law, a major difficulty is to distinguish whether monopoly is legal. In market transactions, there are consumers. The interpretation and judgment of various monopoly behaviors by anti-monopoly law must reasonably measure the interests of different market participants, and judge whether such behavior is conducive to improving the efficiency of economic development. Whether it is good to protect the rights and interests of consumers, whether to ensure the fairness of market competition.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.8

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