论我国破产程序中待履行租赁合同的处分

发布时间：2018-03-09 07:45

本文选题：管理人决定权　切入点：限制　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：市场经济稳定有序是企业正常经营的强大保障。企业能否正常经营反过来也影响着市场经济秩序。从设立登记、经营、注销登记,每一个环节都离不开法律的约束。企业进入破产程序后,职工安置,债权分配等问题相继出现。尤其是在债务人资不抵债情形下,要使全体债权人公平受偿,破产法必须制定科学全面的引导规则。进入破产,合同处分行为无处不在。根据合同法要求,双方当事人要遵守诚实信用原则,全面履行自己的合同义务。但在企业破产后,由于其过度负债,已无法全面履行合同义务了。此时,为保障全体债权人的共同利益,对于债务人来说只有尽可能增加自己的财产来提高债权人的清偿率。破产法第18条规定,管理人有权决定解除或者继续履行双方均未履行完毕的合同。然而,实践中一方面对“未履行完毕”的认定模糊不清,导致处分未履行完毕的租赁合同时产生困境;另一方面,对承租人和出租人破产情形不做区分,造成管理人权利滥用。此外,除解除或者履行合同,管理人认为第18条也赋予其合同转让权并且这一说法已在实践中得到了一致认可。而如何转让有待法律进一步明确规定。通过案例检索,发现与破产法第18条规则相关案例共有70份,其中租赁合同占比为41.4%。这29件租赁合同均被解除或视为解除。破产法第18条是为了让管理人选择更能扩大债务人财产的处分方案。在合同处分时,既要限制管理人决定权,又不能影响债务人财产及时变现。笔者认为:首先,借鉴美国,采用“实质违约说”判定待履行合同。其次,需要从立法上否认一方破产,对方可以解除合同的条款之强制执行力,确保管理人能够行使决定权。最后,出租人破产案件约占九成以上,远远高于承租人破产情形。相比于承租人破产,出租人破产时的情况更为复杂。以保障合同相对人的权利为目的,一味的限缩管理人的决定权,往往会导致债务人与相对人恶意串通,采取倒签日期等方式订立虚假租赁合同,扰乱破产秩序。考虑到破产法立法宗旨,结合“买卖不破租赁”原则,采取折中方式,将管理人解除权限制于“居住+登记”模式中且租赁合同登记备案需发生在法院受理企业破产之前。
[Abstract]:A stable and orderly market economy is a strong guarantee for the normal operation of an enterprise. In turn, the normal operation of an enterprise also affects the order of the market economy. From the establishment of registration, operation, and cancellation of registration, Every link can not be separated from the restriction of law. After the enterprise enters the bankruptcy procedure, the problems of worker placement and creditor's rights distribution appear one after another. Especially in the case of insolvent debtor, all creditors should be fairly compensated. Bankruptcy law must make scientific and comprehensive guiding rules. Entering bankruptcy, contract disposition is everywhere. According to contract law, both parties must abide by the principle of good faith and fully fulfill their contractual obligations. At this time, in order to protect the common interests of all creditors, the debtor has to increase its own property as much as possible in order to increase the creditor's satisfaction rate. Article 18 of the bankruptcy Law provides, The administrator has the right to decide to terminate or continue to perform the contract which neither party has completed. However, in practice, on the one hand, the identification of "not completed performance" is ambiguous, which results in difficulties in the disposition of the lease contract that has not been fulfilled; on the other hand, No distinction is made between the lessee and the lessor in bankruptcy, which results in the abuse of the administrator's rights. In addition, except for the dissolution or performance of the contract, The administrator considers that article 18 also gives him the right to assign a contract, and this statement has been unanimously accepted in practice... and how the assignment is to be further specified by law... is retrieved by case study, A total of 70 cases relating to rule 18 of the insolvency law were found, Of these, the share of lease contracts is 41.4. All of these 29 lease contracts are discharged or deemed to be rescinded. Article 18 of the bankruptcy Law is designed to give the administrator the choice of a disposition scheme that can better expand the debtor's property. In the case of a contractual disposition, the decision of the administrator must be restricted. The author thinks: first of all, drawing lessons from the United States, we should use the "substantial breach of contract" theory to decide the contract to be performed. Secondly, we should legislatively deny the bankruptcy of one party. The enforcement of the terms of the contract can be rescinded by the other party, so as to ensure that the administrator can exercise the decision. Finally, the lessor's bankruptcy cases account for more than 90%, which is far higher than the bankruptcy of the lessee. Compared with the bankruptcy of the lessee, When the lessor goes bankrupt, the situation is more complicated. In order to protect the rights of the relative party of the contract and limit the decision of the administrator blindly, it will often lead to malicious collusion between the debtor and the relative party and the conclusion of the false lease contract by means of reverse signing date, etc. Disrupting the bankruptcy order. Considering the legislative purposes of the bankruptcy law and combining the principle of "buying and selling unbroken leases", we should adopt a compromise, The right of release of administrator is limited to the mode of "residence registration" and the registration of lease contract must occur before the court accepts the bankruptcy of the enterprise.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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