论比较过错制度在故意侵权中的适用

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:28

本文选题：比较过错　切入点：与有过失　出处：《现代法学》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：传统侵权法拒绝将比较过错制度适用于故意侵权领域,作为拒绝适用依据的"性质不同"理论、"补偿受害人、威慑并惩罚侵权人"的政策依据及故意侵权不能比较之传统规则,都受到一定的挑战。因果关系分配责任之标准、"性质不同"理论的外强中干、单独侵权人应为各自行为的份额负责任、严格责任领域适用比较过错的尝试等都为比较过错适用于故意侵权提供了合理性依据。在解决"过失侵权人可能承担高于故意侵权人比例的责任、不可知或非当事人的侵权人过错比例能否比较及受害人不能受偿部分如何分配"这些问题的基础上,未来《民法典·侵权责任法》应当考虑将比较过错制度适用于主观故意不明显的故意侵权、主观故意明显但有诱发性原因的故意侵权等特殊领域,当事人的过失可减轻故意侵权人责任,以及将比较过错制度适用于一般情形下过失侵权人责任比例的确定,这不涉及故意侵权人责任的减轻。
[Abstract]:The traditional tort law refuses to apply the system of comparative fault to the field of intentional tort, which is based on the theory of "different nature", the policy basis of "compensating the victim, deterring and punishing the infringer" and the traditional rule that the intentional infringement cannot be compared. The criteria for the allocation of liability for causality, the "different nature" theory of external power, the individual infringer should be responsible for their respective acts of the share of the responsibility, The attempt to apply comparative fault in strict liability field provides a reasonable basis for comparing fault to intentional infringement. In solving the problem that "the negligent infringer may bear the responsibility higher than the proportion of intentional infringer," On the basis of the question whether the proportion of infringers who are unknowable or non-litigants can be compared and how the part of the victim cannot be reimbursed is distributed ", In the future, the Civil Code 路Tort liability Law should consider applying the system of comparative fault to the special fields such as intentional tort with unobvious subjective intent, intentional tort with obvious subjective intent but with inductive reasons, and so on. The negligence of the party concerned can reduce the liability of the intentional infringer and apply the system of comparative fault to the determination of the proportion of the liability of the tortfeasor under general circumstances, which does not involve the mitigation of the liability of the intentional infringer.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学科学研究院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国侵权责任法改革研究”(16JJD820015)
【分类号】：D923

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