药品专利的强制许可研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 18:24

本文选题：药品专利　切入点：强制许可　出处：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：专利权是知识产权法中所规定的一种私权利,权利创设的目的在于保护专利权人的合法权益,鼓励发明创造,促进科学技术进步和经济社会发展。而药品是一种特殊的商品,消费者使用药品的目的在于预防、诊断、治疗、减轻或者祛除疾病。随着经济全球化的不断发展与深入,商品竞争日趋激烈,知识产权的保护也日益得到加强,各个国家和地区开始重视知识产权的保护,将药品纳入专利法保护的客体有其存在的必然性。然健康权与生命权是人生存所不可或缺的基本权利,人们利用药品祛除、预防疾病,保障身体健康和延长生命,而药品获得专利保护后势必会价格上涨、缩小人们获取药品的途径,降低药品可及性。我国法律设置强制许可制度的目的就是为了防止专利权人滥用权利,提高科学技术的发展水平,最大的平衡专利权人与社会公众之间的利益冲突,促进社会和谐与稳定。本文以药品专利的强制许可为主题,分别从五个方面展开论述：第一部分以药品专利的概念入手,介绍了药品专利的分类和特点,结合我国专利法对专利取得实体要件的相关规定,详细分析了药品专利取得的实体要件。第二部分阐述了药品专利强制许可的概念、性质及我国实行药品专利强制许可的现实意义,依据法律中强制许可的规范内容并借鉴知识产权学者的论述,总结出我国药品专利强制许可的法定类型及其实施条件,并在此基础上介绍了我国药品专利强制许可的实施程序。第三部分为我国能合法、合理的实施药品专利强制许可从具有国际法及国内法依据、保障人权、提高药品可及性三个方面提供了正当性依据。第四部分分别介绍了外国在三种实施强制许可法定类型下的具体实践案例,对这些国家能成功实施药品专利强制许可进行总结分析,归纳出相通的地方,为我国此制度日后的理论完善与法律实践提供宝贵经验。第五部分以我国药品专利实施强制许可的具体案例着手,分析了白云山版Tamifle的实施情况及未成功实施的原因,立足我国国情及法律的规定,对我国药品专利强制许可制度从立法角度提出一些完善建议,望能使我国药品专利强制许可法律体系更加完备,具有可操作性,切实的改善和提高人民的健康和生命。
[Abstract]:Patent right is a private right stipulated in intellectual property Law. The purpose of the right is to protect the patentee's legitimate rights and interests, to encourage invention and creation, to promote scientific and technological progress and economic and social development. Consumers use drugs to prevent, diagnose, treat, alleviate or eliminate diseases. With the continuous development and deepening of economic globalization, the competition for goods is becoming increasingly fierce, and the protection of intellectual property rights is increasingly strengthened. All countries and regions begin to attach importance to the protection of intellectual property rights, and the object protected by patent law has its own inevitability. However, the right to health and the right to life are essential basic rights for human survival, and people use drugs to remove them. To prevent disease, to safeguard health and to prolong life, and when medicines are patented, the price is bound to rise, narrowing people's access to medicines. The purpose of the compulsory licensing system in our country's laws is to prevent patentees from abusing their rights, to improve the level of development of science and technology, and to maximize the balance between the interests of the patentee and the public. To promote social harmony and stability, this paper discusses the compulsory licensing of drug patents from five aspects: the first part introduces the classification and characteristics of drug patents, starting with the concept of drug patents. In combination with the relevant provisions of the patent law of our country on the substantive requirements of patent acquisition, this paper analyzes in detail the substantive requirements for obtaining pharmaceutical patents. The second part expounds the concept of compulsory licensing of drug patents. On the basis of the normative content of compulsory licensing in law and the discussion of intellectual property rights scholars, this paper summarizes the legal types and conditions of compulsory drug patent licensing in China. The third part is the legal and reasonable implementation of drug patent compulsory licensing in China, which has the basis of international law and domestic law to protect human rights. The 4th part introduces the specific practice cases of foreign countries under the three types of compulsory licensing. To sum up and analyze the successful implementation of compulsory licensing of drug patents in these countries, and to sum up the places that are in common with each other. This paper provides valuable experience for the future theoretical improvement and legal practice of this system in China. Part 5th begins with the specific cases of compulsory licensing of drug patents in China, and analyzes the implementation of Baiyun Mountain version of Tamifle and the reasons for its unsuccessful implementation. Based on the situation of our country and the provisions of the law, this paper puts forward some perfect suggestions on the compulsory licensing system of drug patent in our country from the angle of legislation, hoping to make the legal system of compulsory licensing of drug patents more complete and operable in our country. Effectively improve and improve people's health and life.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.42

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