住宅专项维修资金紧急使用法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 07:32

本文选题：住宅专项维修资金　切入点：物业管理　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：住宅专项维修资金是专项用于住宅共用部分、共用设施设备维修、更新和改造的资金,是房屋的“养老金”,关系到居民房屋的正常使用。随着我国城镇住房制度改革的推进,人们的居住环境得到了逐步的改善。在改善居住环境的同时,住宅小区内共用部分、共用设施设备维修、更新和改造的问题也开始引起人们的关注,尤其是在紧急使用维修资金方面。随着住宅小区建成投入使用的时间越来越长,小区内住宅共用部分、共用设施设备开始逐渐进入到维修周期,需要使用维修资金对其进行维修、更新和改造。目前在全国范围内已归集了数额巨大的住宅专项维修资金,据不完全统计总金额已超过万亿元。然而这笔资金的使用率却极低,全国整体使用率不足1%。当小区内出现“紧急情况”急需使用维修资金之时,往往很难顺利申请到维修资金。这样的现状将打击业主使用维修资金的积极性,并影响维修资金的安全合理使用。我国的住宅专项维修资金制度自上世纪八十年代建立至今,经过了一系列的发展历程。从最早的《城市异产毗连房屋管理规定》到《住宅共用部分共用设施设备维修基金管理办法》,再到《物业管理条例》、《物权法》,及至《住宅专项维修资金管理办法》,由最初的不成熟不完善到现在的逐步成熟完善,并开始形成比较完整的体系。在我国住宅专项维修资金紧急使用的过程中,存在的一些问题急需解决。首要问题是“紧急情况”的认定规则不明。对于“紧急情况”的具体范围、认定主体及不可抗力是否属于“紧急情况”等,现有法律规定都没有明确界定。对于“紧急情况”的使用程序,现有的规定则过于繁琐缺乏可操作性,并且缺乏相关配套实施细则提供具体指导。在现实生活中,许多业主对于维修资金的性质和功能缺乏必要认识,其自治组织的作用发挥亦有限,这些也是在紧急使用维修资金的过程中要注意的问题。为了保证住宅专项维修资金的安全、有效使用,维护居民正常的生活秩序,需要对现有的维修资金紧急使用制度予以完善。首先要健全“紧急情况”的认定机制,要细化“紧急情况”的具体范围,明确“紧急情况”的认定机制,并将不可抗力界定为“紧急情况”。也可以在条件允许之时建立“紧急情况”下的强制维修制度与应急备用金制度,在维修过程中还可引入第三方审计监管机制。同时,也要加强业主自治组织的建设和完善。
[Abstract]:The special maintenance fund for housing is used specifically for the common part of housing, the maintenance, renewal and renovation of common facilities and equipment. It is the "pension" of housing, which is related to the normal use of residential houses. With the development of the reform of housing system in cities and towns in China, People's living environment has been gradually improved. While improving the living environment, the problems of common parts, common facilities, equipment maintenance, renewal and renovation in residential areas are also beginning to attract people's attention. Especially in the emergency use of maintenance funds. As the residential area is built and put into use more and more time, the common parts of the residential area, the common facilities and equipment begin to gradually enter the maintenance cycle. It needs to be repaired, renovated and renovated with maintenance funds. At present, a huge amount of special maintenance funds for residential buildings have been collected throughout the country. According to incomplete statistics, the total amount has exceeded trillion yuan. However, the utilization rate of this fund is extremely low. The overall utilization rate of the whole country is less than 1%. When there is an "emergency situation" in the community where the maintenance fund is urgently needed, it is often very difficult to apply for the maintenance fund successfully. Such a situation will dampen the enthusiasm of the owners in using the maintenance fund. And affect the safe and reasonable use of maintenance funds. China's residential special maintenance fund system has been established since -20s, After a series of development, from the earliest "regulations on the Management of contiguous Houses" to the "measures for the maintenance of Common facilities and Equipments in Residential areas", to the regulations on property Management, the property Law, and the <. Measures for the Management of Special maintenance funds for Residential buildings. "from initial immaturity and imperfection to gradual maturity and perfection now," And began to form a relatively complete system. In the process of emergency use of special housing maintenance funds in China, There are some problems that need to be solved urgently. The first problem is that the rules for determining "emergency" are not clear. For the specific scope of "emergency", the subject and force majeure belong to "emergency", etc. None of the existing legal provisions are clearly defined. With regard to the procedures for the use of "emergencies", the existing provisions are too cumbersome and lack maneuverability, and lack of specific guidance on the relevant implementation rules. In real life, Many owners lack the necessary understanding of the nature and function of maintenance funds, and the role of their autonomous organizations is also limited. These are also problems to be paid attention to in the process of emergency use of maintenance funds. In order to effectively use and maintain the normal living order of the residents, it is necessary to perfect the existing system of emergency use of maintenance funds. First of all, it is necessary to perfect the identification mechanism of "emergency situations" and to refine the specific scope of "emergency situations." Clarifying the identification mechanism of "emergency" and defining force majeure as "emergency"... the compulsory maintenance system and emergency reserve fund system under "emergency" may also be established when conditions permit, In the process of maintenance, the third party audit supervision mechanism can be introduced. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the construction and perfection of the owner's autonomous organization.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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