不安全食品致害侵权的民事救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 12:17

本文选题：不安全食品致害侵权　切入点：法律界定　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：工业化大生产以来,食品安全问题受到严重影响,食品添加剂的滥用、有毒有害物质的添加,使得食品的不安全因素增加。因此,许多国家都开始重视食品安全问题,通过出台相关法律法规、加强监管等方式处理食品安全问题。我国同样对食品安全问题予以高度关注,当前我国的食品安全现状并不乐观,不安全食品致害侵权事故频发,成为了社会普遍关注的焦点。尤其是近几年来我国接二连三的发生与食品安全有关的不安全食品致害侵权事件,不安全食品致害侵权事件的数量逐年增加,其中影响最大的当属震惊全国的“三鹿奶粉事件”。此外,我国不安全食品致害侵权的民事救济制度有所欠缺,受害人在遭受不安全食品致害侵权的行为后,由于法律制度的不健全,受害人维权困难,损害难以得到及时的赔偿。本文将重点论述不安全食品致害侵权的民事救济制度,首先详细阐述不安全食品的概念和认定标准,总结不安全食品致害侵权的特征,并分别论述各类侵权行为的法律界定,从一般侵权行为和特殊侵权行为入手,简述侵权行为构成的理论,因为不安全食品致害侵权行为是产品侵权行为的一种,对属概念的阐释有助于对种概念的认知。重点从不安全食品致害侵权的构成要件、归责原则、免责事由等方面进行阐释,明确不安全食品致害侵权的法律界定。其次重点阐述我国不安全食品致害侵权责任制度的现状及存在的主要问题。我国对于不安全食品致害侵权的相关立法不尽完善,重刑(行)轻民的立法理念未得到根本转变,相关法律法规出现竞合时法院审判标准不一,司法救济不足,损害赔偿无保障。最后通过比较研究美国和欧盟关于不安全食品致害侵权的民事救济制度,来完善我国不安全食品致害侵权的民事救济,主要包括明确不安全食品致害侵权的归责原则和免责事由,通过借鉴美国和欧盟关于精神损害赔偿的相关制度,完善我国不安全食品致害侵权行为中对于未造成实际损害的情况下,受害人也可依据精神损害赔偿制度要求索赔。此外,针对我国在食品安全法律法规方面存在的问题,通过借鉴美国的市场份额制度和医疗费用检查制度,完善我国不安全食品致害侵权的相关立法。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial production, food safety issues have been seriously affected, the abuse of food additives, add toxic and harmful substances, so that food insecurity is increased. Therefore, many countries have begun to attach importance to food safety issues, through the introduction of relevant laws and regulations, strengthen supervision and other ways of dealing with food safety issues. China is also to be highly concerned about the food safety problem, the current food safety situation in China is not optimistic, and frequent accidents caused by infringement of unsafe food, has become the focus of widespread concern. Especially in recent years, China's two pick three and the occurrence of food safety related food safety tort incidents, unsafe food harm caused by the number of the piracy has increased year by year, the greatest impact is the shock of the "Sanlu milk powder". In addition, not our country's food safety tort civil relief system What is lacking, the victim suffered food safety tort behavior, because the legal system is not perfect, the victim rights difficult, difficult to get timely compensation for damages. This paper will focus on food safety tort civil relief system, first elaborated the concept of food safety and standards, and summarize the infringement the characteristics caused by unsafe food, and discusses the definition of tort law, starting from the general tort and special tort, constitute the tort theory, because of an unsafe food damage caused by the infringement is infringement, contribute to the concept of a cognitive interpretation of the concept of harm caused by infringement. Never focus on food safety, the principle of imputation, interpretation of exemptions, clear food safety tort legal definition. Secondly focuses on me The status quo and the tort liability system of the country caused by unsafe food and the main problems in our country. Relevant legislation of tort caused by imperfect unsafe food, "(line) Legislative Idea light people has not been a fundamental change in the relevant laws and regulations, the emergence of competing standards is not a trial court, judicial remedy damages without security. Finally, through the comparative study on food safety tort civil relief system in the United States and the European Union, and to perfect the civil remedy caused by unsafe food in China, mainly including the imputation principle of clear unsafe food damage caused by the infringement and exemptions, by referring to relevant system of the United States and the European Union on compensation for mental damage, the damage caused by the infringement is not perfect in our country's food safety does not cause actual damage, the victim can also be based on the system of compensation for spiritual damages claim. In addition, the needle To solve the problems of food safety laws and regulations in China, we should draw lessons from the US market share system and the medical expense inspection system, so as to perfect the related legislation of the unsafe food infringement.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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