物债关系论

发布时间：2018-03-15 17:51

  本文选题：物债关系　切入点：源权　出处：《南京师范大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要研究物权与债权之间的关系。本文首先指出并论证了我国学界所谓物债二元区分理论违反形式逻辑,不能成立。学界将债和债权限定在财产法内,并将债权和物权视为财产权体系的二元构成要素,认为二者是平行并列甚至二元对立的关系,违反社会生活中的基本法权关系。本文认为,应将物债关系置于整个民法体系之内进行考察和运用,而不应将债和债权强行地限定在财产法范围内,将债权和物权视为财产权体系的二元构成要素；民法体系内的人格权、物权、知识产权等实体性权利都可以合同、侵权、不当得利和无因管理等途径产生债之关系和债权,都是债和债权的源权。在物权与债权二者之间,物权是市民社会主体追求的目的,债权则是实现或救济物权的法律手段。物权的性质是权利人对特定的物享有的支配权,其本质是一种实体性权利,具有支配性、对世性和绝对性；而债权的性质则是权利人对特定的人享有的请求权,其本质是一种功用性权利,是请求权、对人权、相对权。大陆法系和源渊于我国的中华法系是两个生长于不同环境、不同法域的法系,两大法系上的债之概念具有根本的区别。作为西方舶来品的债是一种法律关系,是因某种法律原因发生于特定人之间的民事法律关系；而渊源于我国传统法律文化上的债则是一种本土性的法律资源,是指债务人应当向债权人偿还的钱款。在适用范围上,前者包括各种原因产生的债之关系,而后者则仅适用于以金钱、货币为标的物的合同之债；在债的内容上前者既包括债权,也包括债务,而后者则仅指债务中的钱款、货币本身,故东西方债之概念悬殊,不应混同。应就全部种类的债权和包括全部种类在内的物权进行客观、辩证的比较,才有可能在物债关系问题上得出正确的结论,并藉此形成科学的命题。研究物债关系具有多重意义：首先,厘清物债关系,可为学术研究及在此基础之上进行的民事立法和有关法律文件的制定提供清晰的逻辑纹理,排除有关的障碍性因素。其次,可为有关权利的定性和定位提供根据。再次,便于理顺物权法乃至整个民法体系有关的基础理论,为有关民事特别法的制定创造有利条件，，亦可为民法典结构的编纂提供帮助。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the relationship between real right and creditor's rights. Firstly, this paper points out and proves that the theory of dualistic division of property debt in Chinese academic circles violates the formal logic and cannot be established. The creditor's rights and the real right are regarded as the binary elements of the system of property rights, and they are considered to be parallel and even dualistic, which violates the basic legal relations in the social life. The relationship between rem and rem should be investigated and applied in the whole civil law system, and the debt and the creditor's rights should not be forcibly limited in the scope of property law, and the creditor's rights and the real right should be regarded as the dual constituent elements of the system of property rights, and the personality right in the civil law system. Property rights, intellectual property rights and other substantive rights can be contracted, infringed, improperly profited and managed without cause, all of which are the source rights of debt and creditor's rights. Real right is the purpose of the civil society, and creditor's right is the legal means to realize or remedy the real right. The nature of real right is the right to control the specific thing, and its essence is a kind of substantive right and dominating. The nature of the creditor's right is the right of claim against a specific person, and its essence is a functional right, a right of claim, and a right to human rights. The civil law system and the Chinese law system in our country are two legal systems which are born in different environments and different legal regions. The concept of debt in the two major legal systems has a fundamental difference. As a western import, the debt is a kind of legal relationship. The debt originated from the traditional legal culture of our country is a kind of native legal resource, which refers to the money that the debtor should repay to the creditor. The former includes the relationship between debts arising out of various reasons, while the latter applies only to the debts of contracts in which money and currency are the subject; in the content of the debt, the former includes both claims and debts, while the latter refers only to the money in the debt, Money itself, so the concept of debt between East and West should not be mixed up. Only by making an objective and dialectical comparison between all kinds of claims and real rights, including all kinds of property, can we draw a correct conclusion on the question of the relationship between real debts. In order to form a scientific proposition, the research on the relationship of property debt has many meanings: firstly, clarifying the relationship of property debt can provide a clear logical texture for academic research and the formulation of civil legislation and related legal documents on the basis of this. Secondly, it can provide the basis for the characterization and orientation of the relevant rights. Thirdly, it is convenient to straighten out the relevant basic theories of the property law and the entire civil law system, and to create favorable conditions for the formulation of the civil special law. It can also help the compilation of civil code structure.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2


本文编号：1616302