真意保留研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 18:23

本文选题：真意保留　切入点：潘德克吞　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：真意保留属于意思与表示故意的不一致的情形,德国、日本、我国台湾地区等国家和地区的民法典均对真意保留及其被识破之后的效力做了规定,我国现行民法未对此进行规定。立法的缺漏导致实践中真意保留案件的裁判可能出现偏颇;理论研究的不足,也不利于借助真意保留进行法律行为解释。本文论证重点在于通过对各国真意保留立法的比较,指出其不同之处并作出取舍,同时本文还旨在运用拉伦茨效力说及可归责原则对真意保留的效力进行解释,为真意保留的效力提供合理解释。真意保留规则应该出现在我国未来民法典总则之中,加强真意保留的研究,有助于意思表示理论的完整以及真意保留规范的立法实现。除引言和结语外,本文共分为四个部分:第一部分,真意保留的基本理论。首先,在意思表示中认识真意保留,法律行为是实现私法自治的工具,意思表示法律行为的组成部分,真意保留属于意思与表示故意不一致的情形;其次,介绍真意保留的概念及构成要件;最后,将真意保留与戏谑表示、通谋虚伪表示、欺诈、错误进行比较,以更好地认识真意保留。第二部分,真意保留的历史和现实。首先,从纵向和横向两个角度认识真意保留,罗马法中已有关于真意保留的论述,在教会法时期,有关真意保留交易事实的规定制度化;真意保留只规定于潘德克吞模式的民法典之中,是潘德克吞体系法典形式理性的产物。其次,介绍各国民法典真意保留的立法,并进行比较研究,指出各国立法根据利益保护等价值取向的不同,共有三点不同,即是否单独规定戏谑表示;是否要求相对人“应知”判断真意保留是否被“识破”;是否规定真意保留被“识破”时,善意第三人的保护。在此基础上,解释以上三点不同的理由及何种模式更为合理。第三部分,真意保留的法律效力。首先,从意思表示构成的角度,阐明欠缺效果意思的真意保留仍是意思表示,为对其进行意思表示解释奠定基础;其次,对真意保留的效力进行解释,意思说、表示说、折衷说,或者利益保护失衡,或者理论难以自足,都不能完美解释真意保留的效力;效力说及可归责原则提供了一种相对完美的解决方案;三是,指出真意保留效力规则的适用例外。第四部分,我国未来民法典中真意保留规则的立法建议。首先,探讨真意保留的立法价值,阐明将其规定在民法典之中的必要性;其次,对我国现行民法草案及学者建议稿中真意保留的规定进行检索和评介;最后,在对重点问题作出选择的基础上,提出我国未来民法典真意保留规则的立法建议。
[Abstract]:The civil code of Germany, Japan, Taiwan and other countries and regions all make provisions on the reservation of true meaning and its effect after it has been detected. The absence of legislation may lead to bias in the adjudication of cases in which the true intention is reserved. It is also not conducive to the interpretation of legal acts by means of the reservation of truth. The emphasis of this paper is to point out the differences and make a choice by comparing the legislation on the reservation of truth in various countries. At the same time, the purpose of this paper is to explain the validity of reservations of truth by using the doctrine of validity and imputation of Larenz, so as to provide a reasonable explanation for the validity of reservations of truth and intention. The rules of reservation of truth should appear in the general principles of the future civil code of our country. Strengthening the research on the reservation of truth is helpful to the integrity of the theory of expression of intention and the legislative realization of the norm of reservation of truth. Besides the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: the first part, the basic theory of the reservation of truth and meaning. To recognize the reservation of truth and intention in the expression of will, legal act is the tool to realize autonomy of private law, the component of legal act of meaning expression, the reservation of true meaning belongs to the situation of intention and intentional inconsistency; secondly, This paper introduces the concept and the constituent elements of the reservation of the true meaning. Finally, it compares the reservation of the true meaning with that of the playful expression, the collusion of hypocrisy, the fraud and the mistake, in order to better understand the history and reality of the reservation of the true meaning. The second part, the history and reality of the reservation of the true meaning. The reservation of truth has been discussed in Roman law from both vertical and horizontal angles. In the period of church law, the provisions on the facts of the transaction of the reservation of truth have been institutionalized. The reservation of true meaning is only stipulated in the civil code of Pandecton model, which is the product of formal rationality of Pandecton system Code. Secondly, it introduces the legislation of the reservation of true meaning in civil code of various countries, and makes a comparative study on it. It is pointed out that there are three differences in the legislation of different countries according to the value orientation such as the protection of interests, that is, whether to regulate the expression of banter separately; Whether it requires the relative person to "know" whether or not the reservation of the true intention is "recognized" or not, and whether it provides for the protection of the bona fide third party when the reservation of the true intention is "detected"... on this basis, It is more reasonable to explain the above three different reasons and which models are more reasonable. The third part is the legal effect of the reservation of the true meaning. First, from the angle of the constitution of the expression of will, it is stated that the reservation of the true meaning which lacks the meaning of the effect is still the expression of intention. Second, to explain the validity of the reservation of truth, meaning, meaning, meaning, the compromise, or the imbalance of the protection of interests, or the theory is difficult to self-sufficiency, can not explain the validity of the reservation of truth; The doctrine of validity and imputability provides a relatively perfect solution. Thirdly, it points out the application exception of the rules of validity of genuine meaning reservation. Part 4th, the legislative suggestions of the rules of reservation of truth in the future civil code of our country. This paper probes into the legislative value of the reservation of true meaning, and clarifies the necessity of including its provisions in the Civil Code. Secondly, it searches and evaluates the provisions of the reservation of the true meaning in the draft of the present civil law and the suggestions of scholars. On the basis of choosing the key issues, this paper puts forward some legislative suggestions on the rules of reservation of the true meaning of the future civil code of our country.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D913

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