商标诉前禁令研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 20:09

本文选题：商标权　切入点：诉前禁令　出处：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：禁令是指为了保持权利的状态，由法院发布的，要求或者禁止相对人为或不为某种特定行为的一种救济措施。商标诉前禁令是指在商标纠纷案件中，为了防止商标权人损失的扩大或者不可弥补损害的发生，法院在受理起诉前根据商标权利人申请要求相对人停止侵权以保持权利状态的一种命令。商标诉前禁令对商标权保护以及市场竞争秩序的维护有着其他民事救济方式所不能代替的独特作用。它提前为商标权利人提供了获得法律救济的机会，使权利人避免在诉讼前或者诉讼过程中遭受不可弥补损害或者损失扩大化。但是诉前禁令毕竟发布在起诉前，侵权纠纷并未解决，诉前禁令的预先防范性以及紧迫性等特征决定着诉前禁令适用具有被滥用的风险，使相对人遭受不公平的损害。因此，商标诉前禁令的适用的审查成为了防止禁令被滥用的第一道防线。美国最高法院在审理在eBay案中确立了禁令的适用不能脱离传统的衡平法原则，应当通过四因素测试法判断是否发布禁令。eBay案处理的是专利永久禁令，所以在涉及商标诉前禁令的案件中，这一判例规则引发了商标诉前禁令和专利禁令以及永久禁令在适用的争议。争议的焦点在于根据eBay案确立的禁令发布禁止绝对规则，在对商标侵权和专利侵权中适用禁令，“胜诉可能性”和“不可弥补损害的推定”的判定是否是应当有所区别？美国eBay案确定的禁止绝对规则的目的是防止禁令适用的过度僵化。专利的性质和决定着专利禁令适用条件应当弱化权利人获取禁令的绝对性和自动性。商标权是作为知识产权的典型类型，同样具有无形性、易复制性等知识产权基本特征。但是商标权其自身的特点又决定着商标权保护和专利权保护以及其它知识产权有所区别。基于商标的信息传递功能性本质和价值不确定性特征，侵权行为给商标造成的损害往往是不可弥补的，诉前禁令的预先防范性和行为针对性使其成为商标保护的重要机制。因此，确定商标诉前禁令适用条件应当侧重于商标权保护。文章从分析诉前禁令的特点和商标和商标侵权的特点以及诉前禁令给商标带来的作用和影响出发，，结合商标的本质特点具体分析商标诉前禁令适用审查的四要素“胜诉可能性”、“不可弥补损害的推定”、“双方利益平衡”、“公共利益”，寻求商标诉前禁令发挥保护商标功能的同时防止权力滥用的契合点，为我国商标诉前禁令的立法和司法实践提出相应的建议。
[Abstract]:Injunction is a relief measure issued by the court in order to maintain the right. In order to prevent the expansion of the loss of the trademark owner or the occurrence of irreparable damage, An order by a court, before accepting a lawsuit, to request a counterparty to stop infringing in order to maintain a state of right.Trademark injunctions have other civil remedies for the protection of trademark rights and the maintenance of the order of market competition. The unique role that the method cannot replace. It provides the right holder of the trademark with the opportunity to obtain legal remedy in advance. To prevent the obligee from suffering irreparable damage or loss expansion before or during the proceedings. But the pre-lawsuit injunction was issued before the lawsuit, and the infringement dispute was not resolved. The preemptive and urgent characteristics of the pre-injunction determine the risk of abuse of the application of the pre-injunction, which causes unfair damage to the relative person. The review of the application of the injunction before the trademark suit became the first line of defense against abuse of the injunction. In the eBay case, the Supreme Court of the United States established that the application of the injunction could not depart from the traditional principle of equity. A four-factor test should be used to determine whether or not to issue a ban. EBay deals with a permanent patent injunction, so in cases involving pre-trademark injunctions, The case rules have led to disputes over the application of the trademark pre-action and patent injunctions and the permanent injunctions. The dispute focuses on the issue of injunctive absolute rules under the eBay injunction. Should there be a distinction between the "possibility of success" and the "presumption of irreparable damage" in the application of prohibitions in trademark infringement and patent infringement? The purpose of the absolute prohibition rule established in the eBay case of the United States is to prevent excessive ossification of the application of the prohibition. The nature of the patent and the determination of the conditions for the application of the patent prohibition should weaken the absoluteness and automatization of the right holder to obtain the prohibition. As a typical type of intellectual property, It's also invisible. But the characteristics of trademark right itself determine the difference between trademark right protection and patent right protection and other intellectual property rights. The damage caused by tort to trademark is often irreparable. The preemptive nature of pre-lawsuit injunction and the pertinence of action make it an important mechanism of trademark protection. To determine the applicable conditions of trademark pre-injunction should focus on the protection of trademark rights. This paper analyzes the characteristics of pre-injunction, trademark and trademark infringement, as well as the effect and influence of pre-injunction on trademark. Combined with the essential characteristics of trademark, this paper concretely analyzes the four elements of trademark pre-action injunction application review, such as "possibility of victory", "presumption of irreparable damage", "balance of interests of both sides", "public interest", and seeking trademark pre-litigation prohibition to play a role in protecting trademark. Function while preventing abuse of power at the same time the point of convergence, This paper puts forward the corresponding suggestions for the legislation and judicial practice of trademark pre-litigation injunction in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.43;D925.1

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