情谊行为侵权责任承担

发布时间：2018-03-22 18:13

本文选题：情谊行为　切入点：侵权责任　出处：《西北师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：情谊行为侵权纠纷逐年增多,但我国法律在这一方面的规定却不甚完善,当人们在寻求法律途径解决所遇到的问题时,法律需要给出强有力的答案。本文通过对比国内外对于情谊行为的定义,给出情谊行为较为准确的定义,即情谊行为是指施惠人出于无偿利他的目的,为了建立、维持或增进与他人之间的情谊而做出的不具有法律约束力的社交行为,在情谊行为实施的过程中,施惠人需要尽到必要的谨慎注意义务,否则将可能承担与其过错相应的责任。情谊行为与法律行为、事实行为、无因管理和契约等相关概念看似类似,实则大有不同,在侵权法实务中处理好情谊行为与类似概念的区分才能更好的处理相关问题。常见的情谊行为包括好意同乘、共同饮酒、帮忙看护、友人聚会、代为行为、身份协议等多种类型,划分这些类型有助于我们找到情谊行为的共性,抽象出情谊行为的特征。在判断情谊行为侵权问题时,必须先判断先前行为是否属于情谊行为。在处理情谊行为侵权责任承担问题时,不能把情谊行为与情谊侵权行为混为一谈,区分情谊行为与类似行为有助于解决情谊行为侵权纠纷,对于情谊行为侵权责任的承担问题,其构成要件的特殊性首先在于施惠人的行为并不是真正意义上的加害行为,而是出于好意的利他行为,但却造成了未曾预料到的损害后果;其次,情谊行为作为社交层面的行为,本身并无过错可言,多数情谊行为侵权纠纷是在情谊行为实施过程中,由于施惠人未尽到注意义务导致受惠人人身或财产遭受了损害,因而产生了侵权责任承担的问题;最后,情谊行为与损害结果之间的因果关系也是判断施惠人承担何种程度的责任的标准。情谊行为目前仍属于一般侵权,在适用归责原则时仍应该适用过错责任原则,而不宜适用无过错责任原则或是公平责任原则。基于情谊行为的特殊性,一是情谊行为的主体之间原本就具有某种社会关系,为了维持双方原本友好的情谊关系而发生的社交行为;二是情谊行为的过错形态多为过失,过失侵权的责任承担比照故意侵权可以予以减轻;三是情谊行为具有好意性和无偿性,为了鼓励人们互帮互助,维持双方当事人之间的友好关系,在施惠人已经尽到相应注意义务的情形下,应当适当减免其责任,责任减免主要是通过缩小赔偿范围和减免举证责任来实现。如果施惠人未尽到相应的注意义务,就需要承担责任,给施惠人一定的责任压力,有利于督促施惠人谨慎行为,尽量避免损害结果的发生。
[Abstract]:The disputes of friendship tort are increasing year by year, but the law of our country is not perfect in this respect. When people are seeking legal means to solve the problems encountered, The law needs to give a strong answer. By comparing the domestic and foreign definitions of friendship behavior, this paper gives a more accurate definition of friendship act, that is, the act of friendship refers to the act of kindness for the purpose of pro bono altruism, in order to establish, A non-legally binding social act that maintains or promotes a friendship with another person, and in the course of carrying out the act of friendship, the giver shall exercise the necessary duty of care, Otherwise, it would be possible to assume responsibility corresponding to its fault. Related concepts such as friendship and legal acts, factual acts, factorless management and contracts seem to be similar, but in fact they are quite different. In tort law practice, the distinction between friendship behavior and similar concepts can be better dealt with. Common friendship behaviors include good sharing, drinking together, helping care, meeting friends, acting on behalf of others. Identity agreement and other types, dividing these types can help us find the commonness of friendship behavior and abstract the characteristics of friendship behavior. We must first judge whether the previous act is a friendship act. In dealing with the issue of tort liability for friendship acts, we must not confuse friendship acts with friendship violations. The distinction between friendship act and similar act is helpful to solve the tort dispute of friendship act. The particularity of the constitutive elements of the tort liability of friendship act lies in the fact that the act of patronage is not a real injurious act. It is an altruistic act of good intention, but it results in unanticipated injurious consequences; secondly, as a social act, friendship is not at fault itself, and most of the tort disputes of friendship act are in the course of the implementation of the friendship act, The problem of liability for tort arises as a result of the lack of due diligence on the part of the benefactor resulting in damage to the person or property of the beneficiary; finally, The causality between friendship behavior and damage result is also the criterion to judge the degree of liability of the benefactor. Friendship behavior is still a general tort, and the principle of fault liability should still be applied when applying the principle of imputation. However, it is not appropriate to apply the principle of no-fault liability or the principle of fair liability. Based on the particularity of friendship behavior, one is that there is a certain social relationship between the subjects of friendship behavior. In order to maintain the friendly relationship between the two sides, the social behavior occurs; second, the fault form of the friendship behavior is mostly fault, the liability of the negligent tort can be mitigated according to the intentional infringement; Third, the act of friendship is well-intentioned and free of charge. In order to encourage people to help each other and maintain friendly relations between the two parties, if the benefactor has fulfilled the corresponding duty of care, he should appropriately reduce his or her responsibilities. Liability relief is mainly achieved by narrowing the scope of compensation and reducing the burden of proof. If the benefactor fails to fulfill the corresponding duty of care, he needs to bear the responsibility and give him certain pressure of responsibility, which is conducive to urging him to act prudently. Try to avoid damaging results.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923

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