美国遗嘱继承的法律适用问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 05:04

本文选题：美国遗嘱继承　切入点：法律适用　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国际化进程的不断深入,跨国民商事往来日益频繁,各国公民在外国拥有财产成为常态,随之而来的跨国遗嘱继承案件也日益增加。跨国遗嘱继承通常会涉及到两个或更多国家的法律适用问题,适用不同的法律可能会出现不同的遗嘱继承结果,对当事人权利有着很大的影响,因此,有关遗嘱继承法律适用的问题是值得关注并进行深入研究的。对此问题的研究可以减少日后的法律冲突,推动国际间的交流与合作。美国是遗嘱继承制度比较发达的国家之一,对遗嘱继承的相关规定比较成熟和具体。另外美国是联邦制国家,各州之间也存在着法律冲突问题,相比其他国家而言,遗嘱继承的法律冲突在美国更具复杂性。因此,笔者将通过对美国遗嘱继承法律适用规则的分析,进而提出对中国遗嘱继承法律适用的建议。文章的第一部分是对美国遗嘱继承法律适用制度的概述,目的是让大家对美国遗嘱继承法律适用问题有一定的理解;第二部分从美国国内法律冲突和美国与其他国家法律冲突两部分进行论述,美国国内冲突部分以《统一遗嘱检验法典》、《路易斯安娜州民法典》和其他州法中关于遗嘱继承的不同规定为分析对象,与其他国家的法律冲突部分主要以遗嘱能力、遗嘱方式、遗嘱撤销的不同规定进行分析,希望以此帮助大家了解美国遗嘱继承法律冲突的复杂;文章的第三部分是美国遗嘱继承法律适用规则,这一部分主要讲述了美国遗嘱继承法律适用的规定,分析其中的合理性,找出值得中国借鉴的规则;文章的第四部分是对中国遗嘱继承法律适用现状的分析,提出美国遗嘱继承法律适用对中国的立法启示,并进行论述。美国解决遗嘱继承法律冲突所适用的原则包括“意思自治原则”和“最密切联系原则”。在中国遗嘱继承法律适用的问题上应用最密切联系原则,进一步扩大法官自由裁量权,促进遗嘱继承的有效成立,能够最大程度地符合立遗嘱人对财产分配的预期。加强意思自治原则的应用也是为了推动遗嘱继承的发展,减少因为法律规定不同而产生的适用冲突,促进不同地区和国家间个人财产的有序、顺利转移。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the internationalization process, transnational civil and commercial exchanges become more and more frequent, and the property owned by the citizens of various countries in foreign countries becomes the norm. Transnational testamentary succession cases are also increasing. Transnational testamentary succession usually involves the application of the law of two or more countries, and the application of different laws may result in different testamentary succession. It has a great influence on the rights of the parties. Therefore, the application of the law of testate succession is worthy of attention and in-depth study. The study of this issue can reduce the conflict of laws in the future. Promoting international exchanges and cooperation. The United States is one of the more developed countries in the testate succession system, and the relevant provisions on testate succession are more mature and specific. In addition, the United States is a federal country, and there is also a conflict of laws between the states. Compared with other countries, the conflict of laws on testate succession is more complicated in the United States. Therefore, the author will analyze the applicable rules of testate succession law in the United States. The first part of the article is an overview of the application of the law of testate succession in the United States, the purpose is to let everyone have a certain understanding of the application of the law of testate succession in the United States; The second part discusses the conflict of laws in the United States and the conflict between the United States and other countries. The part of the internal conflict in the United States is based on the uniform probate Code, the Civil Code of An Na State of Louis and the different provisions on testamentary succession in the laws of other states, while the conflict part of the laws of other countries is mainly in the form of testamentary capacity and testamentary means. In order to help us understand the complexity of the conflicts of laws on testamentary succession in the United States, the third part of this paper is the applicable rules of the law of testate succession in the United States. This part mainly describes the provisions of the application of the law of testate succession in the United States, analyzes the rationality of it, and finds out the rules worthy of reference by China. The fourth part of the article is an analysis of the current situation of the application of the law of testate succession in China. The legislative implications of the application of testamentary succession laws in the United States to China are put forward. The principles applicable to the settlement of conflicts of laws on testamentary succession in the United States include the principle of autonomy of will and the principle of closest connection, and the application of the principle of closest connection to the application of the law of testate succession in China, Further expanding the discretion of judges and promoting the effective establishment of testamentary succession can meet the expectations of the testator for the distribution of property to the greatest extent, and strengthen the application of the principle of autonomy of will in order to promote the development of testamentary succession, To reduce the conflict of application caused by different laws and regulations, and to promote the orderly and smooth transfer of personal property between different regions and countries.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D971.2;DD913

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