合同因违反强制性规定无效研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 08:14

本文选题：强制性规定　切入点：违反强制性规定　出处：《中国政法大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：合同无效规定是私法中很重要的制度,在实践中合同因违反强制性规定而导致无效的案例不在少数。本文研究的目的是立足于目前有关违法合同和无效合同的理论,明晰合同因违反强制性规定无效的认定,以确保实践中能够准确辨析案例,恰当适用法律保障各方当事人的合法权益。本文是基于唯物辨证论,主要运用案例分析、理论比较、引用法律规定、规范分析、价值分析、社会实证等研究方法来对合同因违反强制性规定无效的问题进行研究,在研究过程中不乏对法律文义及法律精神的诠释和具体案例的评析,从而对合同因违反强制性规定无效的制度进行分析、综合和建构。本文一共分为三部分:引言部分、正文部分和结论部分。正文前面的引言部分对本文的研究对象、选题缘由、主旨及创新点等作了介绍,正文后面的结论部分是对本文观点的概括总结。正文部分一共分为五章:第一章是针对实践中存在的合同违反强制性规定案件的问题,分析几种合同效力认定倾向,然后给出几则合同违反强制性规定的典型案例,简要分析之后引出对强制性规定、效力性强制性规定、管理性强制性规定及其认定的思考。第二章是对合同因违反强制性规定无效的认定,笔者首先对强制性规定的含义、范围和分类进行探讨,然后结合我国台湾、德国、日本、法国、英美法系各国以及我国相关的法律规定进行了列举解释,比较分析了各国对合同因违反强制性规定无效的认定学说及认定无效时的一般思路以及共同使用的目的解释加公共利益法则。笔者结合我国审判实践重点探讨了效力性强制性规定,对效力性强制性规定进行了分类。第三章是用无效合同的相关理论包括无效的绝对性与相对性理论、转换和补正理论、时效和除斥期间制度理论探讨合同因违反强制性规定无效情形,在这几个方面阐述了笔者自己的观点,笔者认为因违反强制性规定导致的无效合同肯定是会损害社会公共利益的,因此此种无效在性质上是绝对无效,而且此种情形不适用转换制度,但在某些情形下可以适用补正制度。对于时效和除斥期间制度,无效认定不适用,无效后权利的行使得具体问题具体分析。第四章阐述了因违反强制性规定导致合同无效的法律后果,对于能够起到缓和无效后果的部分无效制度结合法学界理论进行了分析。第五章是说明笔者对合同因违反强制性规定无效案件的几点解决建议:应慎用无效,在私法法律、行政法规中多明示合同因违反强制性规定无效的情形,结合无效的其余准则综合认定等。以期私法和公法能够更好地融合,在实践中司法审判能够更加准确公平,能够更好地保护私人、国家和公共利益。
[Abstract]:The invalidation of contract is an important system in private law. In practice, there are many cases of contract invalidation caused by breach of mandatory provisions. The purpose of this paper is to base on the current theory of illegal contract and invalid contract. In order to make sure that the case can be accurately analyzed in practice and to apply the law properly to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned, this paper is based on the theory of materialist dialectics, mainly using case analysis and theoretical comparison. Citing legal provisions, normative analysis, value analysis, social demonstration and other research methods to study the invalidity of contracts due to breach of mandatory provisions, In the course of the study, there is no lack of interpretation of legal meaning and legal spirit and analysis of specific cases, so as to analyze, synthesize and construct the system of invalid contract because of breach of mandatory provisions. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, The main body part and the conclusion part. The introduction part of the text in front of the text has made the introduction to the research object, the selected topic reason, the purport and the innovation point and so on. The conclusion at the end of the text is a summary of the views of this paper. The main body is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is to analyze several kinds of contract validity determination tendency in view of the problems existing in practice in cases of contract violation of mandatory provisions. Then several typical cases of contract violation of mandatory provisions are given. After a brief analysis, the mandatory provisions, the mandatory provisions of validity, are introduced. The second chapter is the determination of the invalidity of the contract because of the breach of the mandatory provisions. The author first discusses the meaning, scope and classification of the mandatory provisions, and then combines with Taiwan, Germany, Japan, China, France, Anglo-American law countries and China's relevant legal provisions have been enumerated and interpreted, This paper compares and analyzes the doctrine of invalidation of contract because of breach of mandatory provisions in various countries, the general thinking of invalidation and the common purpose of common use, and the law of public interest. In combination with the trial practice in our country, the author probes into the key points of this article. Mandatory provisions of validity, The third chapter uses the relevant theories of invalid contract, including the theory of absoluteness and relativity of invalidity, the theory of conversion and correction. The system theory of limitation and exclusion period discusses the invalidation of contract because of breach of mandatory provisions, and expounds the author's own views in these aspects. The author believes that the invalid contract caused by the violation of the mandatory provisions will definitely harm the public interest, therefore, such invalidity is absolutely invalid in nature, and this situation does not apply to the conversion system. In some cases, however, the system of supplement and correction may be applied. In the case of the limitation period and the period of exclusion, the invalid determination does not apply, Chapter four expounds the legal consequences of contract invalidation caused by breach of mandatory provisions. The fifth chapter is to explain the author's several solutions to invalid cases because of breach of mandatory provisions: we should be careful to use invalidity in private law law. In the administrative regulations, many express contracts are invalid because of the violation of mandatory provisions, and combined with the other criteria of invalidation, etc., so that private law and public law can be better integrated, and judicial trial can be more accurate and fair in practice. To better protect private, state and public interests.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.6

【相似文献】