民法占有制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 02:59

  本文选题：占有　切入点：占有效力　出处：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：占有制度一直是民法体系中的重要内容,占有制度内容博大精深,对于占有之规定不同国家和地区的立法例也各不相同,而有关占有的争议特别是占有性质问题在理论上一直争议很大。本文从界定占有的内涵入手,尽管对占有的概念的界定众说纷纭,但大都包含了这样一个的意思即在事实上占有人可以对物进行支配,在这种支配受到他人妨碍时占有人得以排除。通过对概念的界定确立研究占有制度的逻辑起点,由此展开对占有的价值、分类等基本理论问题论述。在认识基本理论问题后,通过对占有的性质的事实说和权利说的辨析,对比不同立法例,本文从占有受法律保护的根本原因为起点,指出虽然占有的初态是一种自然状态,表现为占有人对物的实际支配是事实的支配,但在占有人凭借着支配可以获得一定的利益,且这种利益获得法律认可并赋予其保护效力时,此时占有在成为法律制度的同时,也成为一种独立的权利。占有作为一种权利其具有的公示效力、推定效力、取得效力、保护效力是现代民法中物权的公示与公信原则及动产善意取得、取得时效等法律原则和制度的理论根据,而占有的推定的效力,则为建立占有的自力救济权和占有保护请求权奠定了基础。基于占有制度的重要地位,许多国家和地区都在民法典中对占有作出了全面详细的规定,如德国民法典、日本民法典等,这在完善占有制度的同时也完善了物权体系。但我国物权法并未对占有的地位予以充分肯定,仅以五条规定支撑起占有篇,并将该篇设置于《物权法》末节,占有只能作为所有权的一种权能发挥其作用,而不具有独立物权性质,法条的简陋导致占有制度不能真正发挥其作用,本文在最后会立足于我国《物权法》中对占有制度规定之不足做出评析,在对占有人的救济方面提出完善建议,通过规定自力救济权、构建占有之诉等以期完善占有制度,发挥物权法的秩序、正义价值,使占有制度在当前的财产利用中起到规制作用。
[Abstract]:Possession system has always been an important part of the civil law system. The content of possession system is extensive and profound, and the legislation cases of different countries and regions are different. However, the controversy about possession, especially the nature of possession, has always been controversial in theory. This paper begins with the definition of possession, although there are different opinions on the definition of possession. But most of them contain the idea that in fact the possessor can control things, and when such domination is obstructed by others, the possessor can be excluded. The logical starting point for the study of the possession system is established through the definition of the concept. After recognizing the basic theoretical problems, through the analysis of the nature of possession and the theory of rights, the author compares the different legislative cases, and discusses the value of possession, classification and other basic theoretical issues. Starting from the fundamental reason that possession is protected by law, this paper points out that although the initial state of possession is a natural state, the actual domination of things by the possessor is the actual domination of the fact, but the possessor can obtain certain benefits by virtue of his domination. And when this kind of interest is recognized by law and gives it protective effect, possession becomes an independent right as well as a legal system. Possession, as a right, has its public effect, presumptive effect and effect. The effectiveness of protection is the theoretical basis of the principles of publicity and public trust of real right in modern civil law, the acquisition of movable property in good faith, the limitation of acquisition and other legal principles and systems, and the effect of presumption of possession. It lays a foundation for the establishment of the right of self-relief of possession and the claim for protection of possession. Based on the important position of the possession system, many countries and regions have made comprehensive and detailed provisions on possession in the civil code, such as the German Civil Code. The Japanese Civil Code and so on, which not only perfect the system of possession, but also perfect the system of real right, but our property law does not fully affirm the position of possession, only supports the possession with five provisions, and sets the article at the end of Real right Law. Possession can only play its role as a kind of power of ownership, but not as an independent property right. The rudimentary provisions of law result in the system of possession being unable to really play its role. In the end, this article will base on our country's property law to make the appraisal to the insufficiency of the possession system regulation, put forward the perfect suggestion in the relief aspect to the possessor, through the stipulation of the right of self-relief, construct the possession of the lawsuit and so on, so as to perfect the possession system. Give play to the order of property law and the value of justice, make the possession system play a regulatory role in the current use of property.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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