《侵权责任法》连带责任研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 19:29

本文选题：侵权责任法　切入点：侵权连带责任　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：连带责任作为传统民法中的一项重要责任制度,旨在对受害人补偿救济,加重侵权责任人法律责任,有效保障受害人合法权益。连带责任主要基于侵权、合伙、保证、代理等多种行为产生,分散规定在《民法通则》、《合同法》、《担保法》和《侵权责任法》等法律法规及司法解释中。近年来,因侵权行为产生的连带责任越来越多,其具体适用情况也在不断适应案件的复杂多变,相关的法律条文也越来越多。诚然,法律具有可变性,其不断发展会解决多数侵权案件纠纷。但由于法律在一定时间内的滞后性,许多侵权案件的处理结果仍存在问题,这一点在侵权案件中,即涉及侵权连带责任时尤为明显。因此,侵权连带责任作为连带责任的重要类型,值得深入研究与思考。本文中所提及的侵权连带责任是指基于侵权行为而在当事人之间产生的连带责任,研究范围主要限定于我国《侵权责任法》中所涉及的连带责任。就我国目前法律来说,有关侵权连带责任的规定多体现在《侵权责任法》之中,此类规定相较《侵权责任法》颁布前的诸多法律而言,内容更加新颖,概括更加全面,规定更加详细。侵权连带责任作为《侵权责任法》的重要内容,涉及到的法律条文多达11条,并分布于5个章节,贯穿整部法律。作为连带责任的重要类型,侵权连带责任在其责任承担方面包含两种法律关系,即外部效力与内部效力。外部效力主要解决各侵权责任人对受害人的赔偿问题,内部效力则关注各侵权责任人之间的责任分担问题。侵权连带责任的适用在理论上较为简单,但在实际的司法实践中却十分复杂,尤其是在关于各侵权责任人的内部求偿权方面,通常得不到及时、有效的解决。因此,笔者将我国《侵权责任法》中所涉及连带责任的相关规定作为研究对象进行分析,试图以其内容为重点,在理论与司法实践方面进行深刻阐述。本文主要分为六个部分:第一部分:国外侵权连带责任制度规定。探索侵权连带责任在罗马法时期的起源,表明侵权连带责任制度从民刑混杂的立法条例逐渐发展为一项独立的民法责任制度并最终走向繁荣的历史进程。大陆法系主要以法国、德国为主,英美法系则以英国、美国为典型代表。通过分析各国立法与判例,介绍侵权连带责任在西方先进国家的发展,分析其在西方不同国家的演变形式及其立法设计与逻辑构造。第二部分:中国历史上的侵权连带责任制度规定。主要介绍了侵权连带责任制度在我国立法状况:在中国近代,直至清末修律,侵权连带责任才作为一种独立、传统的民法连带责任制度出现在国人视野;在中国现代,《侵权责任法》中共有11个条文涉及9种承担侵权连带责任的情形及其内外部效力的规定,在我国整体侵权连带责任的发展中承上启下,起举足轻重的作用。第三部分:我国《侵权责任法》连带责任具体类型与条文分析。主要介绍了在我国《侵权责任法》中涉及到的9种承担侵权连带责任具体类型与其内外部效力的法律规定,通过对相关法条一一分析,详细介绍了各种侵权责任类型的基本概况、被侵权人求偿权、侵权人责任份额与追偿权,并对其中重要问题进行阐释。第四部分:我国《侵权责任法》中侵权连带责任制度存在的问题。主要分析目前我国侵权连带责任在其适用中存在的问题:第一,条文表述不规范;第二,过于加重个别侵权人责任;第三,侵权连带责任制度的诉讼程序导致资源浪费。第五部分:完善我国《侵权责任法》中侵权连带责任制度的建议。对应第五部分中提出的问题为基础,通过构想设计,给出三项解决对策:第一,规范条文表述;第二,确立侵权连带责任的二次分担规则;第三,建立公正高效的连带责任诉讼程序。
[Abstract]:Joint liability as an important responsibility system of the traditional civil law, in order to relieve the victims compensation, increase the legal liability of tort liability, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the victim. Joint liability is mainly based on tort, partnership, guarantee, agency and other acts, scattered provisions in the general principles of civil law > < < < >, contract law, guarantee law < > > and the tort liability law and other laws and regulations and judicial interpretation. In recent years, due to the infringement liability is more and more, its application is also constantly adapt to the case of the complex, the relevant legal provisions are more and more. Indeed, the law has the variability, its continuous development will solve most tort disputes but due to the lag of law in a certain period of time, many processing results of infringement cases still exist problems, this point in tort cases, involving tort joint liability is especially obvious. Therefore, As an important type of tort liability of joint liability, which is worthy of further research and thinking. Mentioned in this article refers to the tort joint liability joint liability based on tort between the contracting parties, the research scope is mainly limited liability involved in China's "tort liability law >. In our current law. Relevant provisions of tort joint liability reflected in" tort liability law ", the provisions of tort liability law in many legal < > before the promulgation of the content, more innovative, more comprehensive summary, more detailed provisions. As an important content of" tort joint liability of tort liability law ", legal provisions involving as many as 11 and, in 5 chapters, through the whole law. As the important type of joint liability, tort joint liability in its responsibility includes two kinds of legal relationship, namely, external effect and internal effect Mainly to solve the external effect. The compensation for the victims of the tort liability, internal effect is concerned between the tort liability responsibility. For tort joint liability in theory is relatively simple, but in actual judicial practice is very complex, especially in the aspect of the internal right of claim on tort liability usually, not timely, effective solution. Therefore, the relevant provisions of joint liability involved in our "tort liability law > as the research object analysis, to its content as the focus, isexpounded in theory and judicial practice. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part provisions: foreign tort joint liability system. To explore the tort joint liability originated in Rome period, showed that the regulations on the legislation of tort joint liability system from civil and criminal hybrid gradually developed into an independent The historical process of civil liability system and ultimately to prosperity. The continental law system such as France, Germany, the common law in Britain, the United States is a typical representative. Through the analysis of the legislative and judicial precedent, the development of tort joint liability in western advanced countries, analyzes it in different western countries the evolution of form and legislation design and logic structure second part: the tort joint liability regulations Chinese history. This paper mainly introduced the tort joint liability system in the legislation in our country: China in modern times, until the late Qing law tort joint liability as an independent civil law, joint liability system appeared in the traditional Chinese Perspective; in modern China, "tort liability on a total of 11 articles related to the provisions of the 9 tort joint liability and external validity, the nexus of the development of China's tort joint liability in, Play a decisive role. The third part: the analysis of China's "tort liability law > joint liability specific types and provisions. This paper mainly introduced the tort liability law in our country < > involved in 9 undertake the joint and several liability and specific types of legal provisions, the relevant law 11 analysis, basic situation various types of tort liability are introduced in detail, is the right infringement, infringement liability and share the right of recourse, and elaborates on the important issues. The fourth part: the existence of tort joint liability system of our country" tort liability law > problems. Mainly analyzes its application in China's current tort joint liability question: first, the provisions of statements are not standard; second, the infringer too aggravating individual responsibility; third, tort joint liability litigation procedures resulting in a waste of resources. The fifth part: the perfection of "tort liability law" Tort joint liability system. It puts forward the corresponding problems in the fifth part as the foundation, through the design idea, gives three solutions: first, the provisions of second, two share of expression; to establish rules of tort joint liability; third, the establishment of a fair and efficient joint liability litigation procedure.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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