寻物启事法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 22:03

本文选题：悬赏广告　切入点：寻物启事　出处：《江西财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：寻物启事是悬赏广告中一种最为常见的形式,它通过各种媒体的传播,出现在人们的视线中,被公众所熟知。寻物启事同时也具有法律效力,寻物人在寻物启事中所许诺的报酬,使得完成特定行为的行为人,也即该行为人寻得了遗失物并向寻物人交付后,就根据承诺而获得报酬请求权。对此,我国对寻物启事这一具有法律效力的现象的立法还不完善,仅仅只是在《中华人民共和国物权法》第一百一十二条及《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国合同法若干问题的解释(二)》第三条中进行了规定,导致寻物启事缺乏法律法规的调控,以至于此种平等主体之间在遭遇到因寻物启事而引起的报酬请求权纠纷时,不能通过现有法律法规的规定来预测行为后果和评价行为本身。立法上的空缺,也导致了司法实践中做法的不一。对此,有必要在寻物启事领域进一步进行深入研究。寻物启事在法律性质属于悬赏广告中的一种,在悬赏广告的法律性质上,学界通常有两类观点,分别为:契约说和单独行为说。契约说,也即认为悬赏广告属于合同关系;单独行为说,则认为悬赏广告成立了单独行为。两种理论各有利弊优劣,而在我国司法实践中,更为倾向的是契约说。在外国立法例中,大陆法系和英美法系各自具有独立的法律体系,并且在合同的界定、要约和承诺的看法等方面其实均存在差异,故而其各自更倾向于不同的学说。大陆法系中多数国家（地区）采取的是单独行为说,而在英美法系中,其在悬赏广告问题上主要通过单诺合同和双诺合同的不同类型来解决。针对悬赏广告中悬赏人和完成特定行为的行为人之间在要约和承诺方面的特殊性,英美法系通过单诺合同的形式来对应单独行为说,因为其没有单独行为的概念,所以将悬赏广告整体视为契约关系的一种而对待。在我国,从司法实践和立法趋势上看,契约说更占主流。因此,从契约说角度出发,有必要继续对寻物启事的成立及生效、寻物启事中当事人的权利义务和行为人的报酬请求权进一步进行分析。此外,寻物启事的一些制度有待在立法中进一步完善,其分别为寻物启事的发布、撤销制度,寻物启事报酬的认定制度和寻物启事无效时的救济制度等。对此理论的深入分析,将有助于立法上的进一步完善和司法实践操作中的统一化。
[Abstract]:The advertisement of seeking things is one of the most common forms in the advertisement of offering a reward. It appears in the sight of people and is well known to the public through the spread of various media. The remuneration promised by the seeker in the notice of the search, so that the person who has completed a particular act, that is, the person who has found the lost property and delivered it to the seeker, shall be entitled to a claim for compensation on the basis of the promise... The legislation of our country on the phenomenon of seeking for material and advertisement with legal effect is not perfect. Only in Article 112 of the Law of the people's Republic of China on property Rights and in the interpretation of certain issues concerning the application of contract law of the people's Republic of China by the Supreme people's Court (2) > Article 3, This leads to the lack of regulation of laws and regulations in respect of material seeking notices, so that when such equal subjects encounter disputes over compensation claims arising from material seeking notices, It is not possible to predict the consequences of conduct and evaluate the behavior itself through the provisions of existing laws and regulations. The lack of legislation also leads to different practices in judicial practice. It is necessary to carry out further research in the field of seeking material advertisement. In the legal nature of the advertisement, there are usually two kinds of viewpoints in the legal nature of the reward advertisement. They are: contract theory and individual act theory. Contract theory, that is to say, the reward advertisement belongs to the contract relationship, and the individual act theory holds that the reward advertisement has established a separate act. The two theories have their advantages and disadvantages, but in our country's judicial practice, the two theories have their advantages and disadvantages, but in our country's judicial practice, the two theories have their advantages and disadvantages. In the case of foreign legislation, the civil law system and the common law system have their own independent legal systems, and in fact, there are differences in the definition of the contract, the views of offer and acceptance, etc. Most countries (regions) in the civil law system adopt the doctrine of individual act, while in the common law system, The problem of reward advertisement is mainly solved by the different types of contract and contract. In view of the particularity of offer and acceptance between the reward person and the actor who has completed a specific act in the reward advertisement, The Anglo-American law system corresponds to the individual act theory through the form of single contract. Because it has no concept of individual act, it treats the reward advertisement as a whole as a contractual relationship. In our country, from the point of view of judicial practice and legislative trend, Therefore, from the perspective of contract theory, it is necessary to continue to analyze the establishment and effectiveness of the material seeking notice, the rights and obligations of the parties and the compensation claim of the actor. Some systems of seeking material notice need to be further perfected in the legislation. They are the publication of seeking material notice, the revocation system, the recognition system of the reward for seeking material notice and the relief system when the material seeking notice is invalid, etc. This paper makes a thorough analysis of this theory. It will be helpful to the further perfection of legislation and the unification of judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

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