“公平责任原则”构造问题的比较法研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 13:39

本文选题：公平责任　切入点：归责原则　出处：《湖南社会科学》2016年04期

【摘要】：我国侵权责任法中的"公平责任原则"在构造上存在着缺少理论根据、内容不明确等问题,同时公平责任的存在又无法避免地产生了与过错责任原则的论理上的矛盾。否定公平责任归责原则的地位并将公平责任的适用范围限定在一些特定的情况中虽然可以在一定程度上缓解问题和矛盾,但是问题和矛盾并没有从根本上得到解决。本稿总结其他各国公平责任的责任构造,提出了以当事人生活保障和其他具体责任要素的共同作用为基础的"特殊扶助型公平责任原则"。基于特殊扶助义务的公平责任从被害人救济的角度出发,只在为保障被害人的基本生活或避免其陷入生活窘迫的情况下使公平责任人分担损失。由此明确了公平责任中考量当事人经济状况的具体内容,为基于公平责任的归责提供了确实的理论根据。公平责任原则作为归责原则,完全独立于过错责任原则,和其他无过错责任原则一样调整其特定范围内的侵权行为,从而也就消除了公平责任与过错责任原则既有的对立。
[Abstract]:The principle of fair liability in tort liability law of our country has some problems, such as lack of theoretical basis and unclear content, etc. At the same time, the existence of fair liability inevitably leads to contradiction with the doctrine of fault liability. Deny the status of the principle of imputation of fair liability and limit the scope of application of fair liability to certain circumstances. Can alleviate problems and contradictions to a certain extent, However, the problems and contradictions have not been fundamentally resolved. In this paper, the author puts forward the principle of "special aid-type fair responsibility", which is based on the joint action of the parties' life security and other specific responsibility elements. The fair responsibility based on the special aiding duty starts from the angle of victim relief. Share the loss only in order to protect the basic life of the victim or avoid his or her living distress. Thus, the specific content of the fair responsibility to consider the financial situation of the party concerned is clearly defined. The principle of fair liability, as a principle of imputation, is completely independent of the principle of fault liability and adjusts the torts in its specific scope just like other principles of no-fault liability. Thus eliminating the existing opposition between fair liability and fault liability principle.
【作者单位】：浙江海洋大学;
【基金】：教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金项目“‘公平责任原则’的比较法研究及应用”(项目批准号:教外司留[2014]1685号)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D913;D923

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