强制缔约的适用范围

发布时间：2018-03-31 19:32

本文选题：强制缔约　切入点：适用范围　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：强制缔约是订立合同的特殊程序。强制缔约的适用范围究竟有多大,不同学者的认识有很大的差别,存在着强制缔约适用范围的广义说和狭义说。强制缔约的适用范围的争议集中表现为两个焦点:一是,优先购买权是否属于强制缔约的适用范围;二是,基于平等权、反对缔约歧视能否产生强制缔约义务。优先购买权是否属于强制缔约的适用范围的问题,应当回归优先购买权的权利性质上考虑,优先购买权是形成权,并没有强制缔约制度的适用余地和适用必要。目前,司法裁判将优先购买权定性为附强制缔约义务的请求权,这实际上是对最高人民法院相关司法解释理解与适用的照搬,不足以否定理论界关于优先购买权是形成权的通说见解。形成权的路径可以解决优先购买权的保护问题,将优先购买权纳入强制缔约的适用范围,不符合强制缔约制度本身的价值追求。基于平等权、反对缔约歧视不能产生强制缔约义务。首先,我国学者关于强制缔约适用范围的认识上很少将该种类型纳入强制缔约范围;其次,我国司法实践中也没有关于平等权、反对缔约歧视与强制缔约关系的相关案例。作为合同成立的特殊形式,强制缔约的适用范围的准确界定,必须回归到合同法“契约自由”的基本价值立场以及强制缔约制度本身的价值立场上。由于强制缔约制度是对契约自由原则的最大干预,因此必须严格限制强制缔约的适用范围。强制缔约制度价值在于维护社会公共利益、保护弱势群体以及保障公民的生命、身体和健康的基本权益,对是否纳入强制缔约适用范围的判断必须符合强制缔约制度的上述价值立场。基于以上分析,强制缔约的适用范围应当采狭义说。第一,强制缔约必须基于法律的明确规定,间接强制缔约不应属于强制缔约的适用范围。第二,强制缔约主要解决的是合同订立问题,对于优先购买权、平等权等通过其他理论可以解决的问题,不必纳入强制缔约的适用范围。第三,对强制缔约适用范围的判断必须回归契约自由以及强制缔约制度本身的价值立场。最后,从我国现行有关的法律法规的内容上看,强制缔约的适用范围应当是以下四种情况:1.公共承运人负担的强制缔约义务;2.供应电、水、气、热力等社会必需品的企业所负有的强制缔约义务;3.执业医师和医院的强制缔约义务;4.责任保险中的强制缔约义务。
[Abstract]:Compulsory contracting is a special procedure for concluding a contract. There is a broad and narrow view of the scope of application of compulsory contracting. The controversy about the scope of application of compulsory contracting mainly shows two focal points: one is whether the right of preemption belongs to the scope of application of compulsory contracting; the other is based on the right of equality. The question of whether the right of preemption belongs to the scope of application of compulsory contracting should be considered in the nature of the right of preemption, which is the right of formation. There is no room and necessity for the application of the compulsory contracting system. At present, the judicial decision characterizes the preemptive right as the claim with compulsory contracting obligations, which is in fact a copy of the understanding and application of the relevant judicial interpretation of the Supreme people's Court. The path of formation right can solve the protection problem of preemption right and bring the preemptive right into the scope of application of compulsory contracting. It is not in accordance with the value pursuit of the compulsory contracting system itself. Based on the right of equality, opposing the contracting discrimination can not produce the compulsory contracting obligation. Firstly, the understanding of the scope of application of compulsory contracting rarely brings this type into the scope of compulsory contracting. Secondly, there are no relevant cases on the right of equality, against the relationship between contracting discrimination and compulsory contracting in our judicial practice. As a special form of contract formation, the scope of application of compulsory contracting is precisely defined. We must return to the basic value stand of "freedom of contract" of contract law and the value stand of the system of compulsory contracting, because the system of compulsory contracting is the biggest interference to the principle of freedom of contract. Therefore, the scope of application of compulsory contracting must be strictly limited. The value of compulsory contracting lies in safeguarding the public interest, protecting the vulnerable groups and safeguarding the basic rights and interests of citizens' life, body and health. Based on the above analysis, the scope of application of compulsory contracting should be narrowly defined. First, compulsory contracting must be based on the explicit provisions of the law. Indirect compulsory contracting should not belong to the scope of application of compulsory contracting. Second, compulsory contracting mainly solves the problem of contract formation, which can be solved by other theories, such as preemption right, equality right, etc. Third, the judgment of the scope of application of compulsory contracting must be returned to the freedom of contract and the value position of the compulsory contracting system. Finally, from the content of the relevant laws and regulations in our country, The scope of application of compulsory contracting shall be as follows: 1. Compulsory contracting obligations of the common carrier 2. Supply of electricity, water and gas, Compulsory contracting obligations of medical practitioners and hospitals. 4. Compulsory contracting obligations in liability insurance.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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