代孕子女法律地位问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 23:47

本文选题：代孕　切入点：代孕子女　出处：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人工生殖技术的不断进步,代孕生子被越来越多的不孕不育家庭接纳。但是,代孕涉及到法律、道德、伦理、人权等一系列复杂问题,目前的法律难以完全顾及,所以我国法律对代孕持默认的反对态度。同时,对代孕子女法律地位的规定也几乎空白。这就导致代孕子女缺乏法律认可,受到社会歧视,严重影响了这一群体的正常生活。所以,明确代孕子女的法律地位对更好地保护代孕子女的合法权益十分重要。本文运用比较分析法分析了不同国家和地区对代孕以及代孕子女的态度,探讨这些规定的利弊,从中得出我国可以借鉴的经验;同时也运用文本分析法分析了我国当下在相关领域的法律规定以及司法实践,为自己的论点寻找支撑和突破点。本文共分为四个部分:第一部分讨论了代孕及代孕子女的一些基本问题,包括定义、分类等。首先,了解代孕的概念、内涵,这是本论题"代孕子女法律地位"产生的根源;其次,了解代孕子女的定义、分类,为确定代孕子女法律地位奠定基础;再次,分析代孕及代孕子女的现状,包括立法现状和实践现状,了解代孕子女所处的困境;最后,介绍关于代孕子女亲子关系认定的四种学说:"契约说"、"血缘说"、"分娩说"和"子女最大利益保护原则",并分析其合理和不足之处。第二部分考察了英美法系和大陆法系中不同国家和地区对上述四种学说的运用以及对代孕子女的态度,从中寻找出可以提供给我国的启示和经验。第三部分分析了代孕子女的生存困境,包括代孕地位合法性难以确定和代孕亲子关系认定难这一前提以及代孕子女人身权和财产权两方面的权利障碍,如监护权、抚养权、继承权等,表现出解决代孕子女法律地位困境的必要性和重要性。第四部分提出了解决代孕子女法律地位困境的方法。一方面要明确代孕子女法律地位确定的原则,为保护代孕子女提出方向,另一方面依据上文对代孕子女的分类,从完全代孕子女和局部代孕子女两种类型明确代孕子女的法律地位,包括利用我国现有的对子女权利的相关规定以及针对代孕子女特有问题提出解决方案。
[Abstract]:With the development of artificial reproduction technology, surrogacy has been accepted by more and more infertile families.However, surrogacy involves a series of complex issues, such as law, morality, ethics, human rights and so on.At the same time, the legal status of surrogate children is almost blank.This led to the lack of legal recognition of surrogacy, social discrimination, which seriously affected the normal life of this group.Therefore, it is very important to clarify the legal status of surrogate children to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of surrogate children.This paper analyzes the attitudes of different countries and regions to surrogacy and surrogate children by means of comparative analysis, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these regulations, and draws the experiences that our country can learn from.At the same time, the text analysis method is used to analyze the current legal provisions and judicial practice in relevant fields in China, in order to find support and breakthrough point for our own argument.This paper is divided into four parts: the first part discusses some basic problems of surrogacy and surrogate children, including definition, classification and so on.First, understand the concept and connotation of surrogacy, which is the root of the legal status of surrogate children. Secondly, understand the definition and classification of surrogacy children, and lay the foundation for determining the legal status of surrogacy children.Analyze the present situation of surrogacy and surrogate children, including legislation and practice, understand the plight of surrogate children.This paper introduces four theories about the relationship between parents and children of surrogate children: "contract theory", "blood relationship theory", "delivery theory" and "the principle of protecting the best interests of children", and analyzes its rationality and deficiency.The second part investigates the application of the four theories and the attitude towards surrogate children in different countries and regions of Anglo-American law system and continental law system, and finds out the enlightenment and experience that can be provided to our country.The third part analyzes the survival difficulties of surrogate children, including the premise that the legitimacy of surrogate status is difficult to determine and the relationship between surrogate parents and children is difficult to be recognized, and the obstacles of the rights of personal rights and property rights of surrogate children, such as custody and custody, are analyzed.The inheritance right shows the necessity and importance of solving the legal status dilemma of surrogate children.The fourth part puts forward the methods to solve the legal status dilemma of surrogate children.On the one hand, it is necessary to clarify the principle of determining the legal status of surrogate children and to provide directions for the protection of surrogate children. On the other hand, according to the classification of surrogate children above,The legal status of surrogate children is clarified from two types of full surrogate children and partial surrogate children, including the relevant provisions on the rights of children in our country and solutions to the special problems of surrogate children.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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