我国不动产预告登记制度完善研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 00:27

本文选题：不动产　切入点：预告登记　出处：《安徽财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：完备的登记制度不仅能为财产交易安全有序的进行提供保障,更是物权制度得以生存的重要因素。预告登记制度设立的目的即为保护并顾全关于不动产上物权变动之债权请求权将来能够如期实现。此项制度确定于《德国民法典》,在经过多年发展后日渐成熟,进而被众多国家所接受并引用。我国是在2007年出台的《物权法》中正式将预告登记制度确立为一项物权登记法律制度,通过该制度的实施有效的确定了在交易之不动产未发生物权变动效果前的债权人的权利问题,以保证债务人对该不动产所作出的其他处分行为不能发生法律效力,典型的如通过预告登记防止商品房预售中开发商的“一房二卖”现象等。然而预告登记制度在我国仍属于一项新的制度,在实践中发现尚存许多问题有待探讨并加以解决。预告登记是对买受人的债权主张的保护,但是却被赋予了物权所特有的排除他人妨害的效力。正是由于这样的特殊化,使得预告登记制度成为众多专家和学者研究的对象。我国法律关于预告登记的规制不足也逐渐显现出来,如预告登记发生的不合理、预告登记适用对象的局限、预告登记保全的效力不足、对预告登记义务人的保障缺失、预告登记的涂销不规范、登记机构不明、登记内容不统一等等实体上及程序上的弊端。通过与外国立法上相关内容的比较以及对各方利益的衡量,对我国的预告登记可以采取调整预告登记发生方式,将达成合意后的自愿申请调整为法律上强制的申请方式并提前一步的将预告登记作为合同格式条款内容予以规制;预告登记使用对象在广度上可以包括一些特殊动产,并且深度上可以增加附期限附条件合同的请求权的适用以及顺位变更的请求权的适用;从效力完整性角度考虑,添加预告登记的顺位保全及破产保护的效力,改变绝对禁止的保全效力为相对禁止;对预告登记义务人赋予抗辩权并且给予相关利害人以应有的权利保障;预告登记的涂销需要重视相关利害关系人提出的异议,并且设置预告登记涂销的申请人为相关利害关系人;明确预告登记向本登记推进的起算时间为登记权利人知道之时等方式都可以逐步对该制度进行完善。
[Abstract]:A complete registration system can not only provide security for property transaction, but also an important factor for the survival of real right system.The purpose of the establishment of the notice registration system is to protect and take into account the claim for the alteration of real property right in the future.This system was established in the German Civil Code and was accepted and quoted by many countries after years of development.In 2007, China formally established the notice registration system as a legal system of real right registration.Through the implementation of this system, it effectively determines the rights of the creditors before the real property of the transaction is changed, so as to ensure that the other disposition acts made by the debtor to the immovable property cannot have legal effect.Typical such as through the pre-registration of commercial housing to prevent developers in the "one house two sell" phenomenon and so on.However, the system of advance notice registration is still a new system in our country, and many problems remain to be discussed and solved in practice.Notice registration is the protection of buyer's claim, but it is endowed with the effect of excluding other people's hindrance.It is because of this specialization that the advance registration system has become the object of many experts and scholars.The law of our country about the regulation of notice registration is also gradually emerging, such as the unreasonable occurrence of notice registration, the limitation of the object of application of advance notice registration, the insufficient effectiveness of notice registration preservation, and the lack of protection for notice registration obligor.Non-standard obliteration of advance registration, unclear registration organization, inconsistent registration contents, and so on substantive and procedural drawbacks.By comparing with the relevant contents of foreign legislation and weighing the interests of all parties, we can adjust the mode of occurrence of advance notice registration in our country.The consensual voluntary application should be adjusted as a legally compulsory application method and the notice registration should be regulated as a contract form clause one step in advance; the object of the notice registration may include some special movable property in scope.And in depth, it can increase the application of the claim right of the conditional contract with the time limit and the application of the claim right of the order change; considering from the point of view of the effectiveness integrity, add the effectiveness of the order preservation and bankruptcy protection of the notice registration,Change the preservation effect of absolute prohibition to relative prohibition; endow the notice registration obligor with the right of defense and give the relevant interested party the due protection of the right; the obliteration of notice registration needs to attach importance to the objection raised by the relevant interested party,And the applicant for obliteration of notice registration is the relevant interested party; the starting time of advance notice registration to this registration is the time when the owner of registration right knows that the system can be improved step by step.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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