慎待债务承担无因性理论

发布时间：2018-04-04 10:24

本文选题：债务承担　切入点：无因性　出处：《法律适用》2015年03期

【摘要】：债务承担无因性理论为德国民法所首创,该理论自产生以来一直饱受争议,反对者认为债务承担无因性的理论价值是通过以人为手段对债权行为属性加以干预,从而牺牲第三人(承担人)的正当利益为代价实现的,即使通过事后的无因管理、不当得利等制度对其利益加以弥补,但从本质上还是将债权无法实现的风险从债权人处转嫁给了第三人。同时,债务承担协议已因欺诈、显失公平或其他原因被认定无效、被撤销后,法律仍然坚持承担人对债权人负有履行债务的义务,将受到公平性和正当性的质疑。鉴于此,笔者从解析无因性的"因"着手,将"因"分为远因和近因,并从法律正当性和价值平衡角度,论证了放弃无因性理论,退而在债法原理和合同制度框架内解决债务承担问题的思路,并建议我国司法实践在立法对债务承担制度作出修改或进一步明确相关规定之前,对债务承担无因性理论采取必要的审慎态度。
[Abstract]:The theory of liability for the German civil law first, this theory has been controversial since its inception, opponents argue that the theoretical value of debt without cause is through the intervention of creditor's rights behavior attributes by artificial means, which killed third people (7) just at the expense of, even through the post the management system of unjust enrichment to compensate for its interests, but in essence or risk claims can not be achieved from creditors to third people. At the same time, the debt agreement has been because of fraud, unfair or other reasons to be invalid, revoked, the law still adhere to the people responsible for the fulfillment of bear debt obligations to creditors, will be questioned the fairness and legitimacy. In view of this, the author from the analysis for the "cause" to the "cause" is divided into ultimate and proximate, and from the legal legitimacy and value The balance point of view, demonstrates the theory of give up, back in the debt law principle and contract system framework to solve the problem of assuming debts ideas, and suggests that China's judicial practice in the legislative system of debt to undertake modification or further clarify the relevant provisions of the debt before the theory of prudent necessity.

【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;最高人民法院审判管理办公室;
【分类号】：D923

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