《侵权责任法》第三十六条解析

发布时间：2018-04-09 20:05

本文选题：网络侵权　切入点：网络服务提供者　出处：《中央民族大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：《侵权责任法》第36条从宏观角度规定了我国的网络侵权责任。本文结合我国现行的网络侵权方面的法律、法规和相关司法解释,对第36条的条文进行解释和阐述,并对条文中的一些不足和可以改进的地方提出自己的建议。本人正文共分成三大部分,分别是引言、文章主体和结语、后记等。第一部分引言,介绍了笔者的选题意义,学界的研究动态,以及本文的主要内容等。最后一部分是结语、后记等,从民众角度对未来网络侵权问题进行展望。第二部分是文章的主体部分,分为第36条涉及的网络侵权基本理论、第36条具体制度设计及不足、第36条立法完善的思考这三章。第一章首先介绍了网络侵权行为的概念、特征、主体和对象等。第二章包括三节,论述了网络侵权具体制度设计及不足。第1节论述了网络侵权的归责原则。文章指出,第36条第1款适用一般过错归责原则,第2款中,“通知”并非是著作权人的权利,其性质应是主张权利的手段,具体实施中应当结合《信息网络传播权保护条例》中的通知、反通知规则进行。第3款中,“知道”这一主观状态从早期的仅指“明知”,放宽到包括“明知”和“应知”。第2节论述了网络侵权的责任承担方式,第36条第1款,网络用户和网络服务提供者承担的是直接侵权责任,是自己责任,而第2款和第3款承担的是共同侵立法存在的一些不足。文章第3章是本文的最重要组成部分,论述了第36条在立法上的完善措施。文章指出,第一,第36条用“网络服务提供者”这一笼统概念界定网络服务商会给法律适用带来诸多不便,因而应当根据网络服务提供者所提供的服务类型加以区别对待。即区分网络内容服务提供者和网络技术服务提供者,而网络内容服务提供者承担的是直接侵权责任,网络平台服务提供者和提供搜索、链接服务的服务商承担的是连带责任。第二,我国《侵权责任法》和其他法律法规缺少“通知”的具体实施方法、反通知制度和错误通知的承担机制,因此应当首先,简化通知的内容；其次,建立“通知—反通知—删除”制度并引入担保机制；再次,建立严格的错误通知承担机制；最后,可以借鉴美国版权法中关于“避风港”原则的准入门槛问题,要求网络服务提供者建立多次侵权用户封号制度和承担明确、清晰的通知告知义务。第三,由于第36条第2款中“损害扩大的部分”没有具体的、操作性强的执行标准,文章指出应当首先以通知的到达时间为分界点,并预留出“及时采取合理措施”的时间,并且指出了著作权经济损失的计算方法方面的参考。第四,第36条第3款中“知道”包括明确知道和应当知道,但是如何判断网络服务提供者明确知道和应当知道,在司法实践中属于法官自由裁量的范围,我国没有相关法律法规规定具体的判断标准。文章指出,可以采取区分不同类型的作品、表演、录音录像制品,区分不同网络服务提供者的类型,以及区分网络服务提供者的应对措施的方法判断网络服务提供者的过错。
[Abstract]:< > thirty-sixth of the tort liability law from a macro perspective provides network tort liability in our country. In this paper, combining with the current network tort laws, regulations and relevant judicial interpretation, interpretation and description of the thirty-sixth section, and puts forward some suggestions on some problems in the provision and improvement. My body is divided into three parts, which are introduction, the main body and the conclusion, postscript. The first part is the introduction, the author introduces the significance of the topic, research scholars, and the main content of this paper. The last part is the conclusion, postscript, prospects for future network infringement problems from the public point of second. Part is the main part of the article, divided into thirty-sixth to thirty-sixth basic network tort theory, the specific design of the system and the lack of legislation on this thirty-sixth perfect three chapters. The first chapter introduces the network infringement The concept, characteristic, subject and object. The second chapter includes three sections, discusses the network tort and the specific design of the system. The first section discusses the imputation principle of network infringement. The article points out, the first paragraph of article thirty-sixth apply the general principle of fault liability, in section second, "notice" is not the copyright human rights, its nature is claimed by means of implementation shall be notified with < Information Network Transmission Right Protection Ordinance > the counter notification rules. In section third, "know" the subjective state from early only to "knowingly" relaxed to include "knowing" and "should know". The second section discusses the network tort responsibility undertakes the way, the first paragraph of article thirty-sixth, Internet users and Internet service providers bear the direct infringement liability is his own responsibility, while the second and third paragraphs is responsible for some deficiencies of joint tort legislation. Article third The chapter is the most important part of this paper discusses the thirty-sixth legislative measures. The article pointed out that, first, the thirty-sixth "Internet service provider" the general concept of network service chamber of inconvenience to the application of law, and thus shall be type of service according to the network service provider to be treated differently. Distinguish between Internet content providers and network technology service provider and Internet content provider is responsible for the direct infringement liability, the network platform providers and provide search link service providers bear the joint liability. In second, China's "tort liability law" and other laws and regulations of the lack of specific implementation methods of the notice "take the mechanism of anti notification system and error notification, so it should be first, simplify the contents of notice; secondly, the establishment of" notice - counter notice delete "system And the introduction of guarantee mechanism; thirdly, establish the error notification strict commitment mechanism; finally, can learn from the access threshold of "safe harbor" principle in American copyright law, request the network service provider to establish multiple user system and bear the title of tort is clear, clear notice of the obligation to inform. Third, because the thirty-sixth paragraph second "the expansion of the injury part" no specific implementation, practical standards, the article pointed out that should be the first to inform the arrival time for the cut-off point, and set aside time to take reasonable measures ", and points out the calculation method of economic loss of the copyright. The third paragraph of article fourth, thirty-sixth in the" know "know and should know, but how to determine the network service provider clearly know and should know that belongs to the discretion of judges in the judicial practice in the scope of our country No relevant provisions of laws and regulations of specific criteria. The article points out, can be taken to distinguish between different types of works, performances, audio and video products, to distinguish between different types of network service providers, network service providers distinguish methods and measures to judge the network service provider's fault.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】