采矿权准用益物权属性及其限制研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 22:16

本文选题：采矿权　切入点：准用益物权属性　出处：《内蒙古大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：矿产资源是人类生产生活和社会发展进步的重要物质基础。根据我国相关法律规定,采矿权是指采矿权人在依法取得的采矿许可证规定的范围内,开采矿产资源并且获得所开采的矿产品的权利。我国的采矿权来源于于矿产资源国家所有权,是矿产资源国家所有权的主要实现形式。然而,长久以来就采矿权的法律属性,学界并没有统一的观点。针对采矿权所具有的不同法律特征,理论界存在着“自物权说”、“用益物权说”、“准物权说”以及“特许物权说”等不同学说。采矿权的白物权说充分认识到采矿权在设立和行使过程中逐步消耗和转移国家的矿产资源,并且在理论上存在消耗殆尽的问题,因此“极端”的认为采矿权为自物权,但由于我国《宪法》和《物权法》规定的矿藏、矿产资源属于国家所有,因此采矿权的“自物权说”不应当被采纳。采矿权的“用益物权说”为采矿权私权性的彰显作出了很大贡献,但毕竟采矿权在取得方式和行使过程都与传统的用益物权有着很大的区别,因此肯定采矿权“用益物权说”的积极意义但不能将采矿权界定为是纯粹的用益物权。此外其他学说理论上也都存在着一定程度的不足。2007年《物权法》的颁布,将采矿权置于“用益物权”编下的规定,并没有消除学界关于采矿权性质的争论。在分析比较采矿权各种学说的合理性和不足的基础上,笔者将采矿权的法律属性界定为一种准用益物权。所谓准用益物权主要是指特别法上的物权,因其法律内容中的特殊性故区别于物权法上的物权分类,但准用益物权在法律适用上应当准用有关调整不动产和用益物权等法律规定。由于,采矿权来源于矿产资源国家所有权,因此,矿产资源所有权是采矿权的“母权”,国家与采矿权人具有所有权人和使用权人之间的关系,这也使得采矿权与用益物权有了许多相似的特征,但由于采矿权在取得方式和权利行使过程中存在着诸多公权力的限制,与传统用益物权相区别,所以不应当将采矿权的法律性质界定为用益物权,但在法律适用上,应当适用用益物权等相关法律规定来调整采矿权的内容。采矿权的准用益物权属性可以为采矿权的取得和转让实践提供更好的指导。此外,由于矿产资源具有稀缺性、不可再生性等特点,矿产资源的开发和开采事关矿产资源所有人的利益以及社会公共利益、环境保护和国家安全等问题,所以要正确认识和运用采矿权在行使过程中的国家所有人与采矿权人的关系以及公权力限制,从而更好地维护国家、社会和采矿权人的利益,促进我国矿产业健康持续发展。本文除引言与结语外,共分四个部分：第一部分评析采矿权法律属性的争议。首先,回顾私法、环境资源法、公法等不同学科研究领域针对采矿权的法律属性所采的具体观点,分析不同学说的支持论据,揭示采矿权各种学说的合理性和不足。为给采矿权法律属性一个明确的界定提供一定的理论基础。第二部分采矿权准用益物权属性的确定性和合理性分析。这一部分为本文论述的重点。本部分主要从采矿权的主体、客体、物权效力、私权属性及他物权本质五个方面来论述采矿权的准用益物权属性,并从采矿权法律适用的明确性、采矿权取得制度中的特殊性以及采矿权人义务多重性等角度分析将采矿权界定为准用益物权的合理性,在此基础上,笔者还论述了采矿权准用益物权属性对采矿权取得和转让等方面的意义和价值。第三部分矿产资源国家所有权人与采矿权人的关系分析。在这一部分里,笔者主要论述了一般理论下所有权人与用益物权人之间的关系,并进而分析了国家作为矿产资源所有权人与采矿权人关系方面的特殊性,在此基础上,要求采矿权在出让过程引入竞争机制,重新认识行政许可的作用,最终实现国家所有权人与采矿权人的利益平衡。第四部分分析采矿权行使过程中的公权力限制问题。该部分主要论述采矿权作为准用益物权的特殊性,即采矿权在行使过程中存在公权力限制的问题。基于矿产资源的稀缺性、公共利益的维护和环境保护的要求是公权力限制的理论基础。其次,分析了在现有制度下,行政机关通过矿产资源的整体规划、和对采矿权转让方式、条件和程序的限制来阐述公权力限制过多的现状及存在的问题。
[Abstract]:Mineral resources is an important material foundation for social development and progress of human life and production. According to China's relevant laws and regulations, the mining right refers to the mining right in the scope of the legally obtained mining license regulations, the exploitation of mineral resources and the mining of mineral products in China. The right of mining rights from mineral resources state ownership is the main form of national ownership of mineral resources. However, the legal attribute of long mining rights, the academic circle has not unified view. In accordance with the different legal characteristics of mining rights, the theoretical existence of "property", "usufructuary right", "quasi real right and" chartered right "and other different theories. The mining right said white property fully aware of rights in the process of gradually established and exercised consumption and transfer of the country's mineral resources mining, and consumption in theory Out of the problem, so that the "extreme" mining rights from property, but because of China's "constitution" and "property law" provisions of the mineral resources, mineral resources belong to the state, so the mining right "right" should not be adopted. The mining right "usufructuary right" has made a great contribution to highlight the mining rights of private rights, but after all, the mining right in the way to obtain and exercise process with the traditional usufructuary right has a big difference, so the positive significance of mining right "usufructuary right" but not the mining right is defined as pure usufructuary right. In addition to other theories also exist lack of.2007 to a certain extent in "property law" promulgated, the mining rights provisions in "usufructuary right" series of does not eliminate the academic circles on the nature of mining right dispute. After analyzing and comparing various theories of mining rights is reasonable and not Foot on the basis of the legal attribute of the mining right is defined as a quasi usufructuary right. The so-called quasi usufruct mainly refers to the special law on property rights, property classification because of its special legal content so different from the property law, but quasi usufructuary right in the application of the law should be permitted on do not adjust the provisions of the chattel usufructuary right and law. Because the mining rights derived from the ownership of mineral resources, the state ownership of mineral resources is the mining right "matriarchy", and the national mining right people have ownership and use right relationship among people, which also makes the mining right and usufruct has many similar features, but because of the mining right has many public power restriction in the way to obtain and exercise of rights, and the phase difference between the traditional usufructuary right, so it should not be the legal nature of the mining right is defined as usufructuary right, but in the law The application shall apply, usufruct and other relevant laws to adjust the mining right content. Quasi usufructuary right nature of mining rights can provide better mining rights to acquire and transfer practice. In addition, because the mineral resources are scarce, non renewable and other characteristics, the development and exploitation of mineral resources related to mineral resources all people's interests and social public interests, environmental protection and national security issues, constraints and so to correctly understand and apply the mining rights in the exercise of all countries and mining rights and public power, so as to better safeguard the national, social and mining rights to the interests of the people, promote the health of China's mining industry continued development. Besides introduction and conclusion this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is analysis of the legal attribute of mining rights disputes. Firstly, review the law, environmental law, law and other disciplines The specific point of view on the legal nature of mining right of mining, analysis the different theory argument reveals various theories of mining right rationality and shortcomings. For mining a clear definition to provide a theoretical basis for the legal attribute of mining rights. The second part of rationality and analysis to determine the usufruct property this part is the point of this article. This part is mainly from the main body, the object of mining right, real right, usufructuary right quasi private attribute attribute and his property in five aspects of mining rights, clear and applicable law from the mining rights, mining rights and mining rights to obtain the special duty of multiple the angles of the system in the analysis of the mining right should be defined as the rationality of quasi usufructuary right, on this basis, the author also discusses the mining right quasi usufructuary right attribute of mining rights and other aspects of the transfer The analysis of the relationship between meaning and value. The third part of the national ownership of mineral resource and mining rights. In this part, the author mainly discusses the relationship between the owner and the general theory of the usufructuary right holder, and then analyzes the national particularity as the ownership of mineral resources and mining rights relations, this based on the requirements of the mining right in the process of introducing competition mechanism, re understanding of the function of the administrative license, and ultimately achieve the balance of interests of state ownership and mining rights. The fourth part is the analysis of mining rights in the process of exercising public power constraints. This part mainly discusses the particularity of mining rights as quasi usufructuary right, the mining right there are restrictions on the issue of public power in the process of the exercise. The scarcity of mineral resources based on the maintenance of public interests and the requirements of environmental protection is the theoretical foundation of public power restriction. Secondly, under the existing system, the administrative organs through the overall planning of mineral resources, and the restrictions on the transfer of mining rights, conditions and procedures, elaborate the current situation and existing problems of too much public power.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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