论交通事故中所有和占有分离情况下机动车所有人责任

发布时间：2018-04-12 11:09

本文选题：机动车所有人 + 过错　；参考：《华北电力大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对机动车致人损害的侵权责任我国侵权责任法采取了多元处理模式:属于职侵权的采用替代责任模式,由用人单位、接受劳务一方或接受派遣一方承担责任,行为人不承担责任;非职务侵权的采用行为人主义为主,所有人主义为辅的处理模式,即原则上由机动车的占有人承担责任;占有与所有分离的占有人承担责任,所有人有过错的承担与过错相应的责任。机动车致人损害时,职务侵权采取无过错责任;非职务侵权的归责原则一律过错责任。所有与占有分离的情形下,所有人责任按文义解释应解释为按份责任。不过,司法实践在很多时候仍采用了连带责任的处理方式。按份责任的处理方式导致了逻辑体系上非自洽性,连带责任的处理方式超越了法律的规定,属于违法裁判,所有人责任的恰当处理方式应该是补充责任。占有与所有分离情形下所有人的责任取决于过错,司法解释对过错的认定虽然进行了具体的界定但仍显粗疏,应该结合司法实践和学理论证,进一步细化,以达到法律适用的同一和稳定。
[Abstract]:The tort liability caused by motor vehicle in our country is treated in multiple ways: the employer, the party receiving labor service or the party receiving dispatch are responsible for the liability in the case of occupational tort, and the alternative liability mode is adopted in the law of tort liability of our country, which belongs to the position of tort.The behavior does not bear the responsibility, the non-duty tort adopts the behavior doctrine primarily, the owner doctrine is secondary to the handling mode, that is, in principle, the occupant of the motor vehicle bears the responsibility; the possession bears the responsibility from all the occupants who are separated from each other.The owner has the fault to bear the responsibility corresponding to the fault.In case of damage caused by motor vehicle, the duty tort shall be without fault liability; the principle of imputation of non-duty tort shall be all fault liability.In all cases of separation from possession, the owner's responsibility shall be interpreted in the literal sense as a partitioned responsibility.However, judicial practice still adopts the way of joint and several liability in many cases.The way to deal with the responsibility according to the share leads to the non-self-consistency in the logical system, the way of handling the joint and several liability exceeds the provisions of the law, it belongs to the illegal judgment, and the proper way of dealing with the responsibility of the owner should be the supplementary responsibility.The responsibility of the owner in the case of separation of possession from all other circumstances depends on the fault. Although the judicial interpretation defines the fault concretely, it is still careless, which should be further refined by combining the judicial practice and theoretical evidence.To achieve uniformity and stability in the application of the law.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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