老年人精神赡养的道德责任与法律规制问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 04:00

本文选题：精神赡养 + 道德责任　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：赡养老人不只是物质赡养,也应包括精神赡养。对于前者而言,在我国的基础立法中,已比较全面,而在对于后者的关注则不够高。在这样的形势下,2013年我国修改实施了《中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法》,也是在向社会大众宣传精神赡养的重要性,这一新修改的法律在第十八条中规定:老年人的家人要给予其足够的重视与陪伴,无论在物质还是精神生活上,都应尽量满足其需要。那些独自居住的老年人,家人要时常进行探望与关心,使其日常生活得到丰富。该法的出台,对于儿女赡养父母提出了新的要求。子女不单单需要对父母在物质上提供赡养,也要对其精神生活提供必要的抚慰与慰藉。本文所要研究的主旨即精神赡养这一命题。精神赡养兼具法律性和道德性,此条款展示了法律与道德的冲突与契合,体现了我国人口老龄化的发展趋势、道德观念的淡化以及法制建设的不断进步。精神赡养作为人伦底线,不仅是道德义务,更是法律义务。诚然,法律不是万能的,立法也是件遗憾的艺术。法律虽然在一定程度上弥补了道德存在的不足,但相对于道德广泛性而言,法律具有局限性,它需要道德的宽泛性和灵活性来对法律的滞后进行补充和强化。孟子云:“徒善不足以为政,徒法不足以自行”。也就是说仅仅依靠法律很难达到立法目的,仅仅依靠道德也是行不通的。只有将二者进行有机结合,才能够实现它们共同的目标—-维护人与社会的和谐关系以及社会秩序的良性运转。《老年人权益保障法》的最新修订就是为法律与道德的契合创造了一个平台,为实现法律与道德的结合提供了现实条件。为人子女,赡养父母是最低标准的道德责任,赡养当然包括精神赡养。这一道德责任的实现,是创造和睦家庭环境和良好社会氛围的保证。善事父母这一道德责任的实现离不开法律的保障,法律规定的细化、具体化必然能够更好地使法律这一保障措施在精神赡养实现的过程中发挥真正的效用。因此,精神赡养想要得到顺利地实现,需要有道德和法律的共同作用,不仅需要道德层面的限制,法律层面的规范作用也是必不可少的。在法律与道德相互契合时,精神赡养才能良好地实现。本文将从法律和道德两个角度出发,通过充分的查阅相关文献资料,对子女和老年人发放调查问卷的方式,以文献分析法和调查分析法深入剖析精神赡养的现状、存在的问题及原因、实现精神赡养的有效对策等。
[Abstract]:To support the elderly is not only material support, but also spiritual support. For the former, the basic legislation in our country has been more comprehensive, but the latter is not enough attention. Under such circumstances, in 2013, our country revised and implemented the Law of the people's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly, which is also promoting the importance of spiritual support to the public. This newly amended law provides in article 18 that the family of the elderly shall give them sufficient attention and companionship to meet their needs as far as possible, both materially and spiritually. The elderly, who live alone, are often visited and cared for by their families to enrich their daily lives. The introduction of the law, children to support the parents put forward new requirements. Children need not only to provide material support to their parents, but also to provide necessary comfort and comfort to their spiritual life. The main purpose of this paper is the proposition of spiritual support. Spiritual support is both legal and moral. This article shows the conflict and agreement between law and morality, reflects the development trend of aging population in China, the desalination of moral concept and the continuous progress of legal system construction. Spiritual support, as the bottom line of human relations, is not only a moral obligation, but also a legal obligation. To be sure, law is not omnipotent, legislation is also a regrettable art. Although the law makes up for the deficiency of moral existence to some extent, compared with the universality of morality, law has its limitations. It needs the broad and flexibility of morality to supplement and strengthen the lag of law. Mencius Clouds: "just good is not enough for the government, the law is not enough to themselves." In other words, relying on the law alone is difficult to achieve legislative purposes, relying solely on morality is not feasible. Only by organically combining the two, In order to achieve their common goal of maintaining a harmonious relationship between people and society and the healthy functioning of social order, the latest revision of the Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly creates a platform for the integration of law and morality. It provides practical conditions for realizing the combination of law and morality. It is a minimum moral duty to support one's parents as a child, including spiritual support of course. The realization of this moral responsibility is the guarantee of creating a harmonious family environment and a good social atmosphere. The realization of the moral responsibility of good parents can not be separated from the guarantee of law. The refinement of legal provisions and the concretization of legal provisions will certainly make the safeguard measure of law play a real role in the realization of spiritual support. Therefore, if spiritual support wants to be realized smoothly, it needs the common function of morality and law, not only the limitation of moral level, but also the normative function of legal level. Only when the law and morality agree with each other, the spiritual support can be realized well. This article will proceed from the legal and moral two angles, through the full consultation related literature material, to the child and the old person's questionnaire way, with the literature analysis method and the investigation analysis method thorough analysis spirit support present situation, The existing problems and reasons, the effective countermeasures to achieve spiritual support, etc.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.8

【参考文献】