论侵权法中的防御请求权

发布时间：2018-04-25 07:15

本文选题：侵权法 + 防御请求权　；参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国的《侵权责任法》在开篇立法宗旨规定了我国侵权法的功能是预防、制裁侵权,也即我国的侵权法应该是具备防御和惩治的双重功能。另外,侵权法还规定了包括损害赔偿在内的八种责任方式,又在第21条规定了停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除损失三种责任方式,而这三种方式加在一起被称为我国侵权法中的防御请求权,也即立法宗旨中的预防功能的体现。但是我国的侵权法中的防御请求权也仅仅只是体现了这样一个条文,并没有更多的明文细则或其它辅助条文,这让我国的防御请求权在现实中的适用存在困难,我国的司法实践也确实鲜少有关于侵权法中防御请求权的使用裁判。现实生活中,大量的侵权纠纷案例不断出现,面对不断出现的新问题,新纠纷,我国侵权法中的防御请求权也正不断暴露出其不足,如何对其进行调整,是立法发展需要考虑的。就本文来说,本文将对我国侵权法中的防御请求权进行论述,具体来说,主要分为以下几个部分:第一部分是对防御请求权的概述。本部分主要阐明防御请求权的概念及其特征,以及防御请求权在我国立法中的类型以及各种类型的防御请求权如何行使的问题。第二部分是对我国当前侵权法中防御请求权的立法与实践概况。本部分阐述了我国侵权法中防御请求权的立法渊源、我国防御请求权的立法发展情况。同时也就我国司法实践中关于防御请求权的现状进行了大概的论述,阐明了我国当前防御请求权制度在司法实践中发展的不足,防御请求权在司法实践中的适用率过低的问题。第三部分是对我国侵权法中防御请求权存在问题的分析。我国防御性请求权主要存在归责原则不清晰、构成要件模糊、防御性请求权的及时性与有效性无法得到保障的问题等问题。第四部分是就我国防御请求权的发展提供更多的意见和建议。此部分的建议是根据当前英美法系与大陆法系国家的防御性请求权发展的情况,结合我国当前存在的防御请求权存在的问题,针对上文提出的问题,有针对性地提出我国的防御性请求权应当在归责原则上适用无过错原则,构成要件上无需过多关注损害结果,而是只要可能出现损害的危险性即可。此外也需要对物上请求权与防御请求权作出区分。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the legislative purpose of our country's Tort liability Law, it is stipulated that the function of our tort law is to prevent, sanction tort, that is, the tort law of our country should have the dual function of defense and punishment. In addition, the Tort Law also provides for eight forms of liability, including compensation for damages, and in Article 21 provides for the cessation of infringement, the removal of obstruction, and the elimination of three forms of liability for loss. Together, these three ways are called the defense claim in the tort law of our country, that is, the embodiment of the preventive function in the legislative purpose. However, the defense claim in the tort law of our country only embodies such a provision, and there are no more express rules or other auxiliary provisions, which makes the application of the defense claim difficult in reality. The judicial practice of our country is also rare about the use of defense claim in tort law. In real life, a large number of cases of tort disputes continue to appear. In the face of new problems and disputes, the defense claim right in tort law of our country is also exposing its shortcomings, how to adjust it, Legislative development needs to be considered. As far as this article is concerned, this paper will discuss the defense claim in the tort law of our country. Specifically, it can be divided into the following parts: the first part is an overview of the defense claim. This part mainly expounds the concept and characteristics of defense claim, the types of defense claim in Chinese legislation and how to exercise various types of defense claim. The second part is the legislation and practice of defense claim in the current tort law of our country. This part expounds the legislative origin of defense claim in tort law and the legislative development of defense claim in our country. At the same time, it discusses the present situation of defense claim in judicial practice in our country, and expounds the deficiency of the current defense claim system in judicial practice and the problem that the application rate of defense claim is too low in judicial practice. The third part is the analysis of the problem of defense claim in tort law of our country. In our country, the principle of imputation is not clear, the constitution is vague, and the timeliness and validity of defensive claim can not be guaranteed. The fourth part is to provide more opinions and suggestions on the development of defense claims in China. This part of the proposal is based on the current situation of the development of defensive claims in common law and civil law countries, combined with the existing problems of defense claims in China, in view of the problems raised above. It is pointed out that the principle of no-fault should be applied to the principle of imputation of defensive claim in our country, and the result of damage should not be paid too much attention to in the constitutive elements, but as long as the danger of damage may occur. In addition, there is a need to distinguish between the right of claim and the right of defense.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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