对我国著作权法默示许可的重构

发布时间：2018-04-25 13:20

本文选题：著作权 + 默示许可　；参考：《华东政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从英美法系在版权判例法中建立起默示许可机制以来,版权默示许可随着时代的发展迅速扩张,然而国内对著作权默示许可却存在着大量的空白。法的缺失又导致了理论研究和司法实践的混乱。民法上的默示许可,本质是一种有意思表示的民事法律行为,以授权他人为基本行为内容,其成立与否的判断难点往往在于对权利人真实意思的探究。然而随着社会的发展,著作权法领域的授权许可行为变得更为复杂。与此同时,对权利人真实意思的过分探求往往难以促使交易的安全平稳。而鉴于著作权法的特殊性,传统民事基础理论中对权利人真意的探究已经不能满足社会发展的需要,而这也使得著作权法默示许可具备了其独有的操作规则,也具备了独特的存在价值。本文首先通过将著作权法默示许可特殊化,解决了其与民事一般理论中的默示许可之间的差异,也论证了著作权法默示许可特殊规则存在的必要性。本文认为,著作权法默示许可是完全不同于民事一般理论中的默示许可的,它不仅突破了合同关系,而且维护使用者的信赖利益。随后,本文在此基础上对现存的主要相关学说进行辩驳,得出著作权法默示许可特征:是一种限制而不是一种权利内容;不同于著作权法任何一种权利限制;民法理论上是一种抗辩权,而不是抗辩,未经当事人提出,法官不得主动援引。最后举例论证、评议著作权法默示许可现存一些典型的适用情形,完成从归纳到演绎的逻辑过程:特殊类型作品的参与创作;借助互联网技术的信息抓取;首次发表于网络的作品转载于其他网络;涉及合同之外第三人的作品转委托。随后,本文从三个方面重构我国著作权法默示许可:以权利人对使用是否存在合理预期来判断其意图;使用者的期待应当具有合理性;而许可范围必须以权利人的合理预期范围为准。通过评析国内相关立法和实践情形,本文介绍了针对著作权法默示许可的态度和现状;又通过比照新的规则体系,从立法和司法两个层面提出援引和完善的建议。立法上仅仅承认合同关系下的默示许可,导致了司法上对默示许可大多采取回避的态度,并不明确提出但在案情中默认作为前提。为构建该规则体系,立法上我国应当放宽民法限制,允许著作权法默示许可的存在,并将其当做法律漏洞填补;司法上应当尊重著作权中的人格利益,同时判断行业惯例时应当慎之又慎。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of implied licensing mechanism in the common law system, the implied copyright licensing has expanded rapidly with the development of the times. However, there is a large number of gaps in domestic implied copyright licensing. The lack of law leads to confusion in theoretical research and judicial practice. The essence of implied permission in civil law is a kind of civil legal act which is an interesting expression. The difficulty of judging whether it is established or not lies in the inquiry into the real meaning of the right holder. However, with the development of society, the licensing behavior in copyright law becomes more complicated. At the same time, it is difficult to make the transaction safe and smooth by excessive exploration of the real meaning of the right holder. In view of the particularity of copyright law, the exploration of the true meaning of the right holder in the traditional civil basic theory can no longer meet the needs of social development, and this also makes the implied license of copyright law have its unique operating rules. Also has the unique existence value. This paper firstly resolves the difference between the implied license of copyright law and the implied license in civil general theory, and proves the necessity of the existence of special rules of implied license in copyright law. This paper holds that the implied license of copyright law is completely different from the implied license in the general theory of civil law. It not only breaks through the contractual relationship but also preserves the trust interests of the users. Then, on the basis of this, this paper refutes the existing main related theories, and concludes that the implied licensing characteristics of copyright law are: a kind of restriction, not a kind of right content, different from any kind of copyright law. Civil law is theoretically a right of defense, not a plea. Finally, through examples, some typical applications of implied license in copyright law are reviewed, and the logical process from induction to deduction is completed: participation in the creation of special types of works, information capture with the help of Internet technology; Works published online for the first time are reproduced on other networks; works involving third parties outside the contract are subcontracted. Then, this paper reconstructs the implied license of copyright law from three aspects: judging the intention of the right holder on the basis of whether there is a reasonable expectation of the use, the expectation of the user should be reasonable; And the permitted scope must be subject to the legitimate expectations of the obligee. Through the analysis of relevant domestic legislation and practice, this paper introduces the attitude and present situation of implied licensing in copyright law, and puts forward some suggestions on how to quote and perfect it from the two aspects of legislation and judicature by referring to the new rule system. The legislation only recognizes the implied permission under the contract relationship, which leads to the judicial attitude of evading the implied permission, which is not clearly put forward but tacitly regarded as the premise in the case. In order to construct this rule system, in legislation, our country should relax the restriction of civil law, allow the existence of implied license in copyright law and fill it as a loophole in the law, and should respect the interests of personality in copyright in judicature. At the same time, industry practices should be judged with great care.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.41

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