民法典的立法技术:关于《民法总则》的批判性解读

发布时间：2018-04-27 00:33

本文选题：民法典 + 立法技术　；参考：《比较法研究》2017年04期

【摘要】：法典化是立法理性化的首要手段,立法技术是民法典质量的重要保证。我国《立法法》亦对立法技术设定了要求:法律规范应当明确、具体,具有针对性和可执行性。这是我们在编纂民法典过程中所必须遵循的原则。在法律史上,惹尼是较早对民法法典化立法技术进行系统研究的学者;他关于法律语言、法律术语、法律抽象等问题的论述,在今天仍然具有现实意义。我国的民事立法历来具有简明易懂的特点,但《民法总则》在措辞与行文方面仍然有值得商榷的条款。从立法的简约精神来看,《民法总则》中大量的定义、列举和一些冗余性条款显然没有必要。从民法典规范设置的角度来看,《民法总则》中设置了大量的援引规范,加剧了法律渊源的分散化现象,增加了主体找法的困难;另外,《民法总则》中还存在肯定性规范与否定性规范错配的现象。这些都说明:在下一步的民法典编纂过程中,对立法技术的研究与应用水准都有待进一步提升。
[Abstract]:Codification is the primary means of rationalizing legislation, and legislative technology is an important guarantee of the quality of civil code. The legislation Law of our country also sets the requirements for the legislative technology: the legal norms should be clear, specific, targeted and enforceable. This is the principle that we must follow in the process of codifying the civil code. In the history of law, Jagni is an early scholar who systematically studied the legislation technology of civil law codification, and his exposition on legal language, legal terminology, legal abstraction and so on, still has practical significance today. The civil legislation of our country has always been simple and easy to understand, but the General principles of Civil Law still have some articles worth discussing in terms of wording and writing. From the point of view of the minimalist spirit of legislation, it is obvious that a large number of definitions, enumerations and some redundant clauses in the General principles of Civil Law are not necessary. From the point of view of normative setting of civil code, there are a large number of cited norms in the General principles of Civil Law, which aggravate the phenomenon of decentralization of legal sources and increase the difficulty of subject in finding law. In addition, there exists the mismatch between positive norms and negative norms in General principles of Civil Law. All these indicate that the level of research and application of legislative technology needs to be further improved in the next step of compiling civil code.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心;
【基金】：中国人民大学-日内瓦大学种子基金—中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目“瑞士债法改革与中国民法典的制定”(项目批准号:16XNQ021)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923.1

【参考文献】