因不动产登记机构登记错误赔偿责任研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 01:36

本文选题：不动产登记 + 审慎义务　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：不动产是每个人生活中不可缺少的一部分,是人们的重要财产之一。不动产登记作为不动产物权变动的公示方法,是不动产物权变动和权利正确性推定的依据,具有善意保护与警示的效力。不动产登记对整个不动产物权制度起着非常重要的作用。但当前理论界及实务界对不动产登记,尤其对登记错误赔偿责任的性质、赔偿责任构成要件及归责原则等问题认识不深入,观点不统一。虽然当前的法律法规规定了不动产登记机构登记错误应承担赔偿责任,但内容抽象,操作性不强。本人认为有进一步探讨的价值。本文涉及六个方面的内容:第一部分提出问题明确本文探讨的对象。第二部分探讨了登记机构赔偿责任的理论基础不动产登记的公信力使相对人产生了合理的信赖利益。但若登记机构因故意或过失导致登记错误,从而使相对人的信赖利益丧失,且造成损害的话,不动产登记机构理应承担赔偿责任。第三部分探讨了登记机构赔偿责任的性质不动产登记机构登记行为的性质决定着赔偿责任的性质。基于对登记行为为民事法律行为的分析,不动产登记机构的赔偿责任便顺理成章定性为民事范畴的侵权赔偿责任。第四部分探讨了登记机构赔偿责任的必要要件不动产登记机构赔偿责任的必要要件为权利侵犯行为、损害结果和权利侵犯行为与损害结果的直接关联关系。权利侵犯行为赔偿责任承担的必备条件之一。损害结果是权利人利益未受到法律保护。而权利侵犯行为与损害结果之间存在直接关联关系,即可认为该行为构成侵权。第五部分探讨不动产登记机构责任承担归属原则与审慎义务分析了审查形式对承担赔偿责任的影响。在分析无不同的责任承但归属原则的基础上本人认为登记机构赔偿责任应看其主观上是否存在故意或过失。并详细分析了登记机构主观故意或过失的判定标准。第六部分简述了不动产登记机构赔偿责任范围和责任承担简述了责任范围。对一些学者提出的强制责任保险制度、赔偿基金制度以及公证人员职业保险制度给予了肯定。本文创新之处在于详细探讨了过错的判断标准。通过两个案例,更准确的分析了审慎的审查义务。登记机构履行职责时是否谨慎的履行了注意义务,登记机构审慎的程度是否与其职责相匹配,将直接影响判定登记机构是否主观上有故意或过失并因此承担赔偿责任。
[Abstract]:Real estate is an indispensable part of each person's life, is one of people's important property. As a public method of real property right change, real estate registration is the basis of real estate property right change and the presumption of right correctness, and has the effect of good faith protection and warning. Real estate registration plays a very important role in the real estate system. However, the current theoretical and practical circles do not have a deep understanding of the problems of real estate registration, especially the nature of the liability for registration errors, the constitutive elements of liability and the principle of liability imputation, and so on. Although the current laws and regulations stipulate that the registration office of real estate should bear the liability for compensation, the content is abstract and the operation is not strong. I think there is value for further exploration. This paper involves six aspects: the first part raises questions to clarify the object of this paper. The second part discusses the theoretical foundation of the liability of registration institutions. However, if the registration institution causes registration errors due to intent or negligence, and thus causes the loss of the relative party's trust interests, and causes damage, the real estate registration institution should bear the liability for compensation. The third part discusses the nature of liability of registration institution; the nature of registration of real estate determines the nature of liability. Based on the analysis that the registration act is a civil legal act, the liability of the real estate registration organization is naturally defined as the tort liability of the civil category. The fourth part discusses the necessary elements of the liability of the registration institution. The essential elements of the liability of the real estate registration institution are the infringement of rights, and the direct relationship between the result of the damage and the infringement of the right and the result of the damage. One of the necessary conditions for liability for infringement of rights. The result is that the interests of the obligee are not protected by law. If there is a direct relationship between the infringement of rights and the result of the damage, it can be considered that the act constitutes an infringement. The fifth part discusses the principle of attribution of the responsibility of real estate registration institution and the duty of care, analyzes the influence of the examination form on the liability of compensation. On the basis of analyzing the principle of no different liability but attribution, I believe that the liability of the registration institution should be considered whether there is intentional or negligent. And detailed analysis of the registration agency subjective intent or fault judgment criteria. The sixth part describes the scope of liability of real estate registration institution and the scope of liability. The compulsory liability insurance system, the compensation fund system and the notary occupational insurance system proposed by some scholars are affirmed. The innovation of this paper lies in discussing the judgment standard of fault in detail. Through two cases, a more accurate analysis of prudential review obligations. Whether the registration institution performs the duty of care prudently or not, and whether the degree of prudence of the registration institution matches its duty will directly affect whether the registration institution has subjective intent or negligence and therefore bears the liability for compensation.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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