论法人的独立责任与二元民事主体制度

发布时间：2018-04-30 01:21

本文选题：民法典 + 法人制度　；参考：《法学评论》2017年01期

【摘要】：法人的有限责任实现了债权人利益保护的需要。但法人并不必然表现为有限责任。我国现有法律将法人独立责任等同于有限责任,忽视了法人责任的本质,既不符合世界国家法人立法的现状,也不能适应投资主体多样性的需求,对社会经济发展有害。法人可以是承担有限责任、无限责任、混合责任甚至补充责任的法律主体。团体人格与自然人区分本质在于"团体性",但目前我国法律明确合伙企业等其他组织为必须经过登记的组织体,与法人并无实质区别,《民法总则(草案)》(一、二、三审稿)保留法人有限责任并规定非法人组织属于"将错就错"并不能解决主体制度内部逻辑矛盾。我国未来民法典要去除既有桎梏,必须明确法人团体人格,统一个人独资企业、合伙企业等非法人组织;明确法人独立责任,建立自然人——法人二分制度;对于未登记或组织性未至法人程度的组织,在法人一章中设立特殊组织确定其诉讼资格与财产管理问题。
[Abstract]:The limited liability of legal person realizes the need of creditor's interest protection. But legal person does not necessarily express as limited liability. The present law of our country equates the independent liability of legal person with the limited liability, neglects the essence of the liability of legal person, does not accord with the status quo of the legislation of legal person in the world, nor can it meet the needs of diversity of investment subject, which is harmful to the development of social economy. Legal person can be a legal subject who bears limited liability, unlimited liability, mixed liability or even supplementary liability. The essence of the distinction between group personality and natural person lies in "group nature". But at present, the law of our country makes it clear that other organizations such as partnership enterprises are organizations that must be registered, and there is no material difference between group personality and legal person. The General provisions of Civil Law (draft) (1, 2), The retention of limited liability of legal person and the stipulation that the non-legal person organization should be "wrong or wrong" cannot solve the internal logic contradiction of the subject system. In order to remove the existing shackles in the future civil code of our country, we must make clear the personality of the legal person group, unify the individual sole proprietorship enterprise, the partnership enterprise and other non-legal person organizations, make clear the independent responsibility of the legal person and establish the dual division system of natural person and legal person. For an organization that is not registered or organized to the degree of a legal person, a special organization is established in the chapter of legal person to determine its litigation qualification and property management.
【作者单位】：中南大学法学院;
【基金】：2016年度国家成果文库“商法规范的独特性品格与我国民法典编纂”与“法制湖南建设与区域社会治理协同创新中心”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923

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