论快递服务合同中的保价条款

发布时间：2018-05-02 07:28

本文选题：快递市场管理办法 + 快递服务合同　；参考：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2013年3月1日正式施行的《快递市场管理办法》已经对2008年出台的《快递市场管理办法》关于未保价的货物以三倍邮费作为赔偿限额规定作出认定为无效条款的决定,但是此决定并未从根本上解决保价条款效力问题。因此,笔者将本文分为四个部分来探讨快递服务合同中的保价条款。第一部分阐述快递服务合同中的保价条款概述,保价条款是什么,其理论来源于什么制度,保价条款具有什么性质。保价条款是从《海牙规则》中规定的承运人赔偿责任的限额制度衍生而来,但与之还是不同,快递服务合同中的保价条款是在快递服务合同双方在签订寄送服务合同之前,消费者就要寄送的物品进行价值声明,以声明价值为基础快递公司按照保价费率对寄件收取额外的保价费用(不包括运费),一旦发生货损,快递公司需要按照声明价值进行赔偿。快递保价条款是快递公司事先拟定于快递详单中的条款。因此,快递保价条款是一种典型的格式条款;究其产生来源,快递保价条款也是限额赔偿的例外责任制度。第二部分以两个快递保价条款纠纷案例为例,引出目前我国快递保价条款存在的最显著问题和另外一些亟需解决的问题。这两个案例的争论焦点都是保价条款的效力如何,保价条款的效力认定是解决快递保价纠纷案件的关键点。除了效力认定问题之外,目前我国快递保价条款还存在以下问题:国内法律规定没有权威性与系统性、对快递保价条款效力还普遍存在质疑、快递保价条款容易被忽视、保价费用未标准化、举证责任规则未明确以及快递企业利用保价条款规避责任。第三部分主要对我国快递服务合同中保价条款存在的合理性进行分析。虽然我国的快递保价条款还存在很多问题,新《快递市场管理办法》也将未保价条款进行无效认定,而且从目前国内的快递保价条款运用状况来看,让人觉得保价条款并没有对我国的快递业起到积极作用。其实不然,将保价条款引入快递服务合同中已经成为国际惯例,在各个快递行业发达的国家起到非常重要的作用,非常值得我国借鉴,让保价条款帮助我国快递行业更加发达。因此,笔者认为,保价条款存在于我国快递行业中具有合理性,并从公平原则、意思自治原则和经济效益原则来论证其合理性。第四部分对我国快递服务合同中保价条款的立法规制进行了详细的阐述。本部分针对第二部分所阐述的当前我国快递保价条款存在的问题提出了相对应的解决建议,笔者主要从以下几方面进一步提出完善我国快递保价制度的建议:第一、进行权威与系统的立法编制;第二、对保价条款效力进行明确规定;第三、由国家物价部门对保价费用进行标准化;第四、在法律中明确规定举证责任规则;第五、从立法上推动保价条款在快递行业中的制度化。
[Abstract]:The "measures for the Administration of the Express Market", which came into effect on March 1, 2013, has decided that the provisions on the uninsured goods with three times postage as the compensation limit have been found to be null and void to the "measures for the Management of the Express Market" issued in 2008. However, this decision does not fundamentally solve the issue of the validity of the warranty clause. Therefore, I will be divided into four parts to discuss the express service contract in the price clause. The first part describes the general description of the price insurance clause in the express service contract, what is the price insurance clause, what system its theory comes from, and what is the nature of the price insurance clause. The warranty clause is derived from the limitation system of carrier's liability stipulated in the Hague rules, but unlike this, the price guarantee clause in the express delivery service contract is prior to the signing of the courier service contract by both parties. Consumers are about to send goods to make a statement of value, based on the stated value of express delivery companies in accordance with the premium rate for the delivery of additional insurance charges (excluding freight, in the event of damage, The express delivery company is required to compensate according to the stated value. Express insurance terms are courier companies prepared in advance in the express details of the terms. Therefore, express insurance clause is a kind of typical form clause; the origin of express insurance clause is also the exceptional liability system of limit compensation. The second part takes two cases of courier insurance clause dispute as an example, leads to the most significant problems and some other problems that need to be solved. The focus of these two cases is the effectiveness of the insurance clause, and the effectiveness of the insurance clause is the key point to solve the case of courier insurance dispute. In addition to the issue of effectiveness determination, there are still the following problems in China's express insurance clauses: domestic legal provisions are not authoritative and systematic, the effectiveness of express insurance clauses is generally questioned, express price insurance provisions are easy to be ignored. The cost of price insurance is not standardized, the rules of burden of proof are not clear, and express delivery enterprises use price insurance clauses to avoid liability. The third part mainly analyzes the rationality of the price guarantee clause in the express service contract of our country. Although there are still many problems with express delivery insurance terms in our country, the new Express Market Management measures also invalidates the uninsured price clauses, and judging from the current situation of domestic express delivery price insurance provisions, People feel that the price terms and conditions have not played a positive role in China's express industry. In fact, it has become an international practice to introduce the price insurance clauses into express service contracts, which plays a very important role in the developed countries of express delivery industry, and is very worthy of our country's reference, so that the price insurance clauses can help our express delivery industry more developed. Therefore, the author thinks that the clause of price insurance exists in the express delivery industry of our country has the rationality, and demonstrates its rationality from the principle of fairness, the principle of autonomy of will and the principle of economic benefit. The fourth part of the express service contract in China the provisions of the legislative regulation of the detailed elaboration. In this part, the author puts forward the corresponding suggestions to solve the problems of the current express insurance clauses in our country. The author mainly puts forward some suggestions to perfect the express insurance system in China from the following aspects: first, Carry on the authoritative and systematic legislation preparation; second, make clear stipulation to the validity of the price insurance clause; third, the national price department carries on the standardization to the price insurance fee; fourth, in the law, clearly stipulate the rule of burden of proof; fifth, From the legislation to promote the pricing provisions in the express delivery industry institutionalization.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6

【共引文献】