论无效保证合同的保证人责任问题

发布时间：2018-05-03 22:45

本文选题：无效保证合同 + 缔约过失责任　；参考：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：关于无效保证合同制度,国内外学术理论界和司法实务界的研究成果已经颇为丰硕。本文在借鉴已有成果的基础上,将无效保证合同的保证人责任问题作为研究对象。保证合同无效后,保证人是否需要对债权人承担责任,如需承担,承担何种责任以及如何承担责任。这些问题现行立法虽有涉及,但仍存在不合理乃至空白之处,故而根据不同情况作具体分析具有现实意义。本文将分为五个部分对这些问题进行分析讨论。第一部分是对无效保证合同制度的概括性描述。保证一词涵义宽泛,本章主要分析介绍了无效保证合同的概念,阐明了无效保证合同仅指绝对无效的情况。第二部分开始对无效保证合同中保证人的责任性质进行分析和界定。本章是全文形成的基础,是最先要厘清的问题。即研究保证合同无效后保证人应承担什么性质的责任问题。学术理论界有缔约过失责任说和区分说两种主流观点。本文支持区分说的保证人责任根据不同情况或为缔约过失责任或为侵权责任的观点。第三部分介绍了无效保证合同中保证人责任的构成要件。本章根据上一章对无效保证合同保证人责任性质即归责原则的深入分析,认为保证人承担的责任性质虽不尽相同,但承担责任的条件原则上具有一定的共性,如保证人主观上有过错,债权人客观上有损害事实,以及二者之间具有因果联系等。第四部分从微观角度对无效保证合同中保证人责任的范围进行认定。上文宏观分析了无效保证合同保证人承担责任的性质和无效保证合同的构成要件等问题,本章从微观上探讨了认定无效保证合同保证人责任范围的问题。这一问题的焦点主要在于债权人信赖利益的损失和债权人全部损失之间的区分。第五部分进一步分析论证无效保证合同中保证人责任的司法适用。本章结合我国担保法及其司法解释的规定,更进一步地分析了导致保证合同无效的不同情况下,保证人应承担赔偿责任的具体份额划分的问题。
[Abstract]:As for the system of invalid guarantee contract, the research results of academic theory and judicial practice at home and abroad have been quite fruitful. Based on the existing achievements, this paper takes the issue of guarantor liability of invalid warranty contract as the object of study. Whether the guarantor is liable to the creditor after the contract is void, if so, what and how. Although these problems are related to the current legislation, there are still some unreasonable or even blank areas, so it is of practical significance to make concrete analysis according to different situations. This paper will be divided into five parts to analyze and discuss these problems. The first part is the general description of the system of invalid warranty contract. The meaning of warranty is broad. This chapter mainly introduces the concept of invalid warranty contract and clarifies that invalid warranty contract only refers to the situation of absolute invalidity. The second part begins to analyze and define the nature of the guarantor's liability in the invalid warranty contract. This chapter is the basis of the formation of the full text, is the first to clarify the issues. This is to study the nature of the guarantor's liability after the contract of guarantee is invalid. The academic theorists have two main views: the theory of fault in contracting and the theory of distinction. This paper supports the view that the surety's liability is according to different circumstances or is the fault of contracting liability or tort liability. The third part introduces the constitutive elements of guarantor's liability in invalid guarantee contract. Based on the deep analysis of the principle of imputation of the nature of the guarantor's liability under the contract of invalid guarantee, this chapter holds that the nature of the guarantor's liability is different, but the conditions of his undertaking the responsibility have certain commonness in principle. For example, the guarantor has subjective fault, the creditor has the fact of damage objectively, and there is causality between the two. The fourth part confirms the scope of guarantor's liability in invalid warranty contract from the micro point of view. In this paper, the author analyses the nature of the guarantor's liability and the constitutive elements of the invalid guarantee contract. This chapter discusses the scope of the guarantor's liability in the view of microcosmic. The focus of this problem is the distinction between the loss of creditor's trust interest and the creditor's total loss. The fifth part further analyzes the judicial application of guarantor's responsibility in invalid guarantee contract. Combined with the provisions of our country's guarantee Law and its judicial interpretation, this chapter further analyzes the specific share division of the guarantor's liability under different circumstances which lead to the invalidity of the guarantee contract.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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