民法典编纂视野下民事主体与商事主体的衔接

发布时间：2018-05-06 20:28

本文选题：民法总则 + 公司法　；参考：《上海财经大学学报》2017年04期

【摘要】：商事主体首先是民事主体,因其进入营业领域而转变为商事主体,因此我国企业营业执照应当抛弃统一主义,转而采纳分离主义。该观点虽然具有一定合理性,与民事主体的理论体系相契合,但是忽视了商法的特殊性以及商事主体本身设立的目的。商事主体应当独立于民事主体。当商事主体取得主体资格证明时,即已获得一般经营资格,可以开展营业,法律另有规定或者特定行业许可另有要求除外。对于法人的分类,新颁布的民法总则采纳了营利和非营利法人的划分模式,是对传统做法的承继和发展。无论形式上还是内容上,公司法对民法总则关于法人部分的影响甚大。商事主体的分类,与民法总则关于民事主体的分类,无法完全重合。民法总则与公司法之间,有些术语或措辞的表述有所差异。有些地方,公司法规定得比较全面,而民法总则进行了筛选,规定的范围更为狭窄。有些术语,则为民法总则首次提出,是对公司法规定的提炼和升华。两个法律的规定或表述,如果产生冲突,会产生法律适用和法律解释上的问题。
[Abstract]:Commercial subject is first of all a civil subject, which is transformed into a commercial subject because of its entry into the business field. Therefore, our business license should abandon unionism and adopt separatism instead. Although this view is reasonable and consistent with the theoretical system of civil subject, it ignores the particularity of commercial law and the purpose of the establishment of commercial subject itself. The commercial subject shall be independent of the civil subject. When the commercial subject obtains the certification of the subject's qualification, he has obtained the general business qualification and can carry out business, unless otherwise stipulated by the law or otherwise required by the permission of a specific trade. For the classification of legal persons, the newly promulgated general principles of civil law adopt the division model of profit-making and non-profit legal persons, which is the inheritance and development of traditional practices. In both form and content, corporate law has a great influence on the legal person part of the general principles of civil law. The classification of commercial subject cannot completely coincide with the classification of civil subject under the general principles of civil law. Some terms or expressions differ between the general principles of civil law and the company law. In some places, the company law is more comprehensive, and the general principles of civil law screening, the scope of the provisions are narrower. Some terms, first proposed by the general principles of civil law, are the refinement and sublimation of company law provisions. The provisions or expressions of two laws, if conflict, will give rise to problems in the application and interpretation of the law.
【作者单位】：上海财经大学法学院;
【分类号】：D923

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