冷冻胚胎相关法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 08:00

本文选题：冷冻胚胎 + 法律地位　；参考：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随科学技术的迅猛发展,人工辅助生殖医学愈渐成熟,为不孕不育患者带来了生育的希望。人工辅助生殖技术主要分为人工授精和体外受精(胚胎移植技术以及其他各类衍生技术)两类。冷冻胚胎即形成于体外受精——胚胎移植技术的应用过程中。冷冻胚胎技术是将从供体体内提取的精子、卵子结合的受精卵、胚胎、囊胚置于-196℃的液氮中长期冷冻保存,使其静止生长,不破坏其内在构造与功能,而等待亟需时恢复冷冻胚胎的活性。这项技术使得冷冻胚胎融冻后与新鲜胚胎无异,从而运用于胚胎移植。它的优点有：一方面,可以根据妇女自然月经周期解冻胚胎并移植到妇女体内以提高受孕成功率；另一方面,胚胎移植即使不幸失败仍可再次使用冷冻胚胎移植,避免再使用促排卵药物徒增女性痛苦。随着体外受精——胚胎移植技术被越来越多不孕患者所选择,冷冻胚胎不仅面临着伦理拷问,其所带来的法律问题也不断呈现出来。诸如夫妻离婚时冷冻胚胎该归何方所有；剩余冷冻胚胎该如何处置；若夫妻死亡,冷冻胚胎可否被继承；冷冻胚胎能否被代孕等等问题。而上述问题解决都有赖于对冷冻胚胎的正确法律定性。本文以冷冻胚胎的法律问题为研究对象,主要内容分为四个部分：第一部分,主要考究国内外关于冷冻胚胎法律性质的主要学说,并提出冷冻胚胎应有之法律地位；第二部分,就冷冻胚胎的事前协议性质、夫妻离婚时的处置原则和剩余冷冻胚胎的处置方式提出主要观点；第三部分,着重评述围绕冷冻胚胎继承问题学界发出的正反两种声音,并就该问题提出看法并阐述理由；第四部分,借鉴域外关于冷冻胚胎代孕的立法和司法实践,探究我国冷冻胚胎的合法性问题。
[Abstract]:The artificial assisted reproductive technology is divided into artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization ( embryo transfer technique and other kinds of derivative techniques ) .
On the other hand , embryo transfer can still use frozen embryo transfer even if unfortunately fails , so as to avoid the use of ovulation drugs to increase female pain . As the technology of IVF - embryo transfer is selected by more and more infertile patients , the frozen embryos are not only faced with ethical torture , but also the legal problems brought by them are constantly presented .
How to dispose of the remaining frozen embryos ;
If the husband and wife die , can the frozen embryo be inherited ;
The problem of whether frozen embryos can be replaced or so on is dependent on the correct legal nature of frozen embryos . The main contents of this paper are as follows : Part I : First part , we mainly study the main theories about the legal nature of frozen embryos at home and abroad , and put forward the legal status of frozen embryos ;
The second part puts forward the main point of view on the nature of pre - ante agreement of frozen embryo , the principle of disposition of husband and wife and the disposition of residual frozen embryos ;
In the third part , the author focuses on the positive and negative sounds emitted from the academic circle around the issue of frozen embryo inheritance , and puts forward some opinions on the issue and explains the reasons .
In the fourth part , the legality of frozen embryos in China is studied by reference to the legislation and judicial practice of frozen embryo generation .

【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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