论环境共同侵权行为的民事责任

发布时间：2018-05-15 12:51

本文选题：环境侵权行为 + 环境共同侵权行为　；参考：《广东外语外贸大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2014年11月因北京APEC峰会而迅速走红的词汇“APEC蓝”再次把环境污染和环境保护的议题推向另一个高潮。虽然环境共同侵权案件在整个环境侵权纠纷中所占比重不大,但却是环境侵权纠纷中最为复杂最难处理的一类案件。就其表现特征而言,环境共同侵权既不同于普通共同侵权,又迥异于单一环境侵权。在环境共同侵权案件中,污染源呈现五花八门的复合形式,加害人为数众多而且往往难以确定,受害人更加势单力薄,危害后果往往十分严重,加害人之间的责任具有外部性和内部性双重属性,案件具有广泛的社会影响,等等。由于上述特征的存在,环境共同侵权产生了独特的法律规则,在侵权法的大家庭中也因此显得更加个性十足。而在面对严峻的环境共同侵权问题及其复杂的纠纷处理过程时,理论上的研究完全停留在普通共同侵权的分析框架,不能对环境共同侵权现象给出具有自身特色的学理解释和逻辑分析。本文共分引言、正文和结语三个部分,其中正文由四章组成。第一部分界定了环境共同侵权的概念,通过阐释与环境侵权行为的共性特征以及与单独环境侵权行为相比较的个性特征,探讨了其特点与类型,并紧密结合当前的国内外的立法政策和环境法的独特规律,举例详细分析了环境共同侵权本质的构成要件,尤其是因果关系的介绍。第二部分重点分析了我国现行的关于环境共同侵权责任制度在责任承担、归责原则、责任分配和损害赔偿上存在的缺陷及不足,为第四部分的完善建议摸清了病症、扫清了障碍、奠定了理论基础。第三部分重点介绍了环境共同侵权责任的域外考察及对我国的启示。在该章中,本文首先分别介绍了德国、日本、瑞典与美国各州关于环境共同侵权责任的规定,以期达到“他山之石,可以攻玉”之效。然后分析了域外环境共同侵权民事责任制度对我国的启示。第四部分具体从四个方面提出了完善我国环境污染共同侵权责任的若干思路与建议,以期为环境共同侵权民事责任的研究和立法提供思路和参考。
[Abstract]:The popular word "APEC blue", which was quickly popular in Beijing's APEC summit in November 2014, has once again pushed the issue of environmental pollution and environmental protection to another climax. Although environmental joint tort cases are not a large proportion of the whole environmental tort disputes, it is the most complex and difficult case in environmental tort disputes. The environmental joint tort is not only different from common common tort, but also different from the single environmental tort. In the case of environmental joint tort, the source of pollution presents a variety of complex forms, the number of injuring people is too large and it is often difficult to determine, the victims are more thin, the consequences of the danger are often very serious, and the responsibility of the injuring people is the same. The dual attribute of externality and internality, the case has extensive social influence, and so on. Because of the above characteristics, the environmental joint tort has produced unique legal rules, and therefore appears more individualistic in the large family of tort law. In the face of the serious environmental joint tort and the complicated dispute handling process, There are three parts in this paper, including the introduction, the text and the conclusion. The text is composed of four chapters. The first part defines the concept of environmental joint torts, through interpretation and environment. The common characteristics of tort and the characteristics of individual environmental tort are compared, and its characteristics and types are discussed, and the unique laws of the current domestic and foreign legislative policies and environmental laws are closely combined, and the essential elements of the environmental joint torts are analyzed in detail, especially the introduction of the causality. The second parts of the paper are the key points. This paper analyzes the existing defects and shortcomings of the current environmental joint tort liability system in the responsibility bearing, the principle of imputation, the distribution of responsibility and the compensation for damage. It has laid a theoretical foundation for the improvement of the fourth parts, cleared the obstacles and laid the theoretical foundation. The third part introduced the expedition of the environmental joint tort liability. In this chapter, the article first introduces the regulations of the joint tort liability of the environment in Germany, Japan, Sweden and the United States in order to achieve the effect of "the stone of other mountains and to attack jade". Then it analyzes the Enlightenment of the civil liability system of foreign environmental joint tort to our country. The fourth part is specifically proposed from four aspects. Some ideas and suggestions for improving the joint tort liability of environmental pollution in China are provided in order to provide ideas and references for the study and legislation of joint liability for environmental tort.

【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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