信贷类业务中保证金质押的法律问题分析

发布时间：2018-05-16 00:16

本文选题：保证金 + 质押金钱　；参考：《中国政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：信贷类业务是银行及类似机构的资产业务,近几年保证金安排日益普遍、争议多发,而目前仅中间业务所涉保证金之质押效力有专门的司法解释规定,最高人民法院制定的《担保法》司法解释的第85条的规定成为司法机关判断保证金是否构成有效质押的主要依据。而第85条的表述较为抽象,而实践中保证金一般均是由出质人在银行机构开户存放,保证金的存放措施没有统一的标准。本文分为三大部分论述保证金的法律问题:首先是分析我国目前关于保证金质押的理论,以美国、日本为例介绍国外相应制度;根据司法解释颁布以来的案例并结合业务开展状况,将保证金类型化为三类:借款人或关联方提供的保证金、担保公司提供的保证金、房贷或其他类按揭业务售方保证金。其次,结合116则样本案例对保证金的业务操作中的行为节点、司法裁判的认定观点进行了分析,在分析业务特点的同时展示司法裁判的一般观点及其分歧所在;并联系目前流行的保证金质押构成的三要件说,对保证金质押中的要件进行了剖析,提出了现行法制下使得保证金构成有效质押的操作建议。最后一部分是对保证金质押的制度现状的批判性反思,其中,针对制度本身,本文指出保证金质押的制度应当废除,当前的保证金质押应当并入特户质押或封金的范畴。长远来看,无论是保证金质押还是特户质押的规定都是在存款所有权说的立法背景下建立起来的,是否从动产质押转移到权利质押取决于我国何时重新对存款进行法律定性。本文提出近年的保证金安排盛行现象背后,“保证金池”的安排是其精髓和活力所在,应当正视这一需求,引入担保信托的法律关系以促进其规范发展;另外,本文对保证金质押配套的公示制度、并行的存单质押制度的建设也提出了完善意见。
[Abstract]:Credit business is the asset business of banks and similar institutions. In recent years, margin arrangements have become increasingly common and controversial. At present, only the pledge effect of the margin involved in intermediate business has a special judicial interpretation provision. The provisions of Article 85 of the Judicial interpretation made by the Supreme people's Court become the main basis for the judicial organs to judge whether the margin constitutes an effective pledge. The expression of Article 85 is abstract, and in practice, the deposit is generally deposited by the mortgagor in the bank institution, and there is no uniform standard for the deposit measure of the deposit. This article is divided into three parts to discuss the legal issues of margin: firstly, it analyzes the current theory of margin pledge in China, taking the United States and Japan as examples to introduce the corresponding foreign system; According to the cases since the promulgation of the judicial interpretation and combined with the situation of business development, the type of margin is classified into three categories: the margin provided by the borrower or related party, the margin provided by the guarantee company, the margin of the seller of mortgage or other types of mortgage. Secondly, combined with 116 sample cases, this paper analyzes the behavior node in the operation of the margin and the viewpoint of the judicial decision, and shows the general views of the judicial decision and their differences while analyzing the characteristics of the business. In connection with the three elements of the security pledge which is popular at present, this paper analyzes the elements in the guarantee pledge, and puts forward some operational suggestions to make the margin constitute an effective pledge under the current legal system. The last part is a critical reflection on the current situation of the system of margin pledge. In view of the system itself, this paper points out that the system of margin pledge should be abolished, and the current security pledge should be incorporated into the category of special deposit pledge or sealed gold. In the long run, whether the pledge of deposit or the pledge of special account is established under the legislative background of the ownership of deposit, whether the pledge of movable property is transferred to the pledge of rights depends on when the legal characterization of the deposit is re-established in our country. This paper points out that behind the prevailing phenomenon of margin arrangement in recent years, the arrangement of "margin pool" is its essence and vitality. We should face up to this demand and introduce the legal relationship of guarantee trust to promote its normative development. This paper also puts forward some suggestions on the construction of the public announcement system and the parallel deposit pledge system.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】