我国消费者冷静期制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 01:11

本文选题：冷静期制度 + 制度缺陷　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2014年3月15日我国新《消费者权益保护法》正式实施，其第二十五条成为这次修改最大的亮点，规定：“经营者采用网络、电视、电话、邮购等方式销售商品，消费者有权自收到商品之日起七日内退货，，且无需说明理由，但下列商品除外：（一）消费者定作的；（二）鲜活易腐的；（三）在线下载或者消费者拆封的音像制品、计算机软件等数字化商品；（四）交付的报纸、期刊。除前款所列商品外，其他根据商品性质并经消费者在购买时确认不宜退货的商品，不适用无理由退货。消费者退货的商品应当完好。经营者应自收到退回商品之日起七日内返还消费者支付的商品价款。退回商品的运费由消费者承担；经营者和消费者另有约定的除外。”这一条款的增加使得争议已久的“无理由退货”成为现实，消费者冷静期制度在我国立法中正式确定。消费者冷静期制度是指在买卖双方签订合同后的一定时间内，消费者可以无须经营者同意而解除合同，不必承担任何违约责任。它具有法定性、无因性、主体的单一性、适用范围的特定性、行使后果的免责性及行使的自力性等特征。建立在“有限理性”、“实质平等”、“契约自由”等理论基础上的消费者冷静期制度旨在给予消费者一定程度的倾斜保护，在消费者权益和经营者的利益之间寻求平衡。新《消费者权益保护法》第二十五条所规定的消费者冷静期制度是我国立法在消费者权益保护道路上的一大进步，弥补了远程交易中消费者权益保护的不足。遗憾的是，这项制度的立法规定还比较粗糙，如“商品完好”、“不宜退货”释义不明、界定不清，给消费者和经营者留下争议的空间；同时也存在相关适用细则缺失的问题如“如何界定七日的起算时间”、“通知经营者退货的方式”等易于导致消费者在行使权利时缺少足够的法律支撑。在此条款中，将消费者可以“无理由退货”的适用范围限定在了网络、电视、电话、邮购等交易领域，涵盖领域相对较窄，与国外相关制度的先进经验相比仍有一定差距。消费者冷静期制度在我国刚刚确立，存在一定的缺陷是无法避免的，需要一个逐步与网络交易现实相适应的过程。鉴于上述存在的问题，笔者认为可以通过下列措施来弥补：引入诚实信用原则，引导买卖双方诚实守信，经营者诚信经营，消费者不滥用权利；细化适用规则，将买卖双方可能产生争议的规则进行明确规定，减少双方纠纷；构建辅助性制度，给予消费者冷静期制度其他层面的保障。
[Abstract]:On March 15, 2014, the new Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law was formally implemented in China, and Article 25 of the Law became the biggest highlight of the amendment, which stipulates: "Business operators sell commodities by means of network, television, telephone, mail order, etc. The consumer shall have the right to return the goods within seven days from the date of receipt of the goods, except for the following commodities, other than those ordered by the consumer: (1) fresh and perishable products, (3) audio-visual products downloaded online or unsealed by consumers, Computer software and other digital commodities (4) delivery of newspapers, periodicals. In addition to the commodities listed in the preceding paragraph, other commodities which are not suitable for return according to the nature of the goods and have been confirmed by the consumer at the time of purchase shall not be applicable to the goods returned without any reason. The goods returned by consumers should be in good condition. The operator shall return the commodity price paid by the consumer within seven days from the date of receipt of the returned goods. The freight for the returned goods shall be borne by the consumer, unless otherwise agreed upon by the operator and the consumer. " The increase of this clause makes the controversial "unjustified return" a reality, and the system of consumer cooling-off period is formally established in our country's legislation. The consumer cooling-off period system means that the consumer can terminate the contract without the consent of the operator within a certain time after the buyer and seller sign the contract, and they do not have to bear any liability for breach of contract. It has the characteristics of legality, uncausality, the singularity of the subject, the specificity of the scope of application, the exemption from the consequences of exercise and the independence of the exercise. Based on the theories of "limited rationality", "substantial equality" and "freedom of contract", the system of consumer cooling-off period aims at giving consumers a certain degree of protection and seeking a balance between the interests of consumers and the interests of operators. The system of consumer cooling-off period stipulated in Article 25 of the new Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law is a great progress of our country's legislation on the road of consumer rights and interests protection and makes up for the deficiency of consumer rights and interests protection in remote trading. Unfortunately, the legislative provisions of this system are still relatively rough, such as "good commodity", "unfavorable return" interpretation is unclear, the definition is not clear, leaving the consumer and business operators controversial space; At the same time, there are some problems such as "how to define the starting time of seven days" and "how to notify the operator to return the goods", which can lead to the lack of sufficient legal support when consumers exercise their rights. In this article, the application scope of consumers can return goods without reason is limited to the network, television, telephone, mail order and other transaction fields, covering a relatively narrow field, compared with the advanced experience of foreign related systems, there is still a certain gap. The system of consumer cooling-off period has just been established in our country, there are certain defects that can not be avoided, it needs a process that adapts to the reality of network transaction step by step. In view of the above existing problems, the author thinks that the following measures can be adopted: introducing the principle of good faith, guiding the buyer and seller to be honest and trustworthy, managing in good faith, and consumers not abusing their rights; refining the applicable rules. The rules that the buyer and the seller may have disputes are clearly stipulated to reduce the disputes between the two parties and to construct the auxiliary system to give consumers the protection of other aspects of the cooling-off period system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.8

【参考文献】