高校职务发明权利归属研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 20:25

本文选题：高校 + 职务发明　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：信息技术革命以来,科学与技术飞速发展,国家也越来越重视鼓励创新。企业中要求职务发明的专利权归属于发明人个人的呼声日益高涨。然而,与企业的职务发明体系不同,由于高校肩负着公共利益的特殊性,以"经济人"和"理性人"为基础的市场经济体系对高校来说并不适用,因此,有必要专门针对高校职务发明制定一套合理的制度,明确规定高校职务发明创造的权利归属。高校职务发明的权利归属问题包括申请专利的权利与专利权,获得奖励与报酬的权利,还有其他权利,如发明人的知情权和优先购买权等。这些权利归属的问题关系到发明人的切身利益,影响发明人和高校之间的利益分配,从而影响发明人从事发明的积极性、职务发明后续商业化的程度,最终影响科技发展的进程。基于知识产权的权利来源和知识产权制度的激励效果,本文运用以洛克理论为基础的劳动权利说和以边沁的功利主义为基础的鼓励机制说进行分析,无论是发明人主义还是单位主义的立法模式都不能完美地解决实践当中存在的问题。法律作为调整社会关系的重要工具,只能在综合考量制度各自的利弊后,选择更加能实现社会目的的一种,并尽可能从其他方面对其不足进行弥补。从目前的情况来看,将权利归属于高校,并从经济补偿和其他法定权利的角度来保障发明人的权利最为合理。本文共分为五个部分。第一部分简要介绍职务发明制度并对比了高校职务发明与企业职务发明的特殊性。第二到第四部分是高校职务发明权利归属研究的核心内容。第二部分分析了高校职务发明专利权应当归谁所有。第三部分讨论除了专利权之外的其他权利设置,如获得报酬的权利、知情权、优先购买权等。第四部分通过介绍美国、日本和德国的职务发明权利归属制度来为我国立法提供借鉴与参考。笔者认为,明确权利归属以及后续的利益分配是制度设计的关键所在。第五部分根据上文的探究与分析,为完善我国高校职务发明制度提出建议。文章得出结论,高校职务发明的权利应当归属于学校,但应当以其他方式充分保障发明人的利益。
[Abstract]:Since the revolution of information technology, science and technology have developed rapidly, and the state has paid more and more attention to encouraging innovation. In enterprises, the claim for the patent right of the job invention belongs to the individual of the inventor is increasing. However, it is different from the enterprise's job invention system, which is based on the particularity of the public interest and is based on the "economic man" and the "rational man". The foundation of the market economy system is not suitable for colleges and universities. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a set of reasonable system specifically for the job inventions of colleges and universities to specify the rights of the invention created by the post of university posts. The rights of the inventor, such as the inventor's right to know and the right of preemption, affect the interests of the inventor, influence the interests distribution between the inventor and the University, thus influence the inventor's enthusiasm for inventions, the degree of subsequent commercialization of the post invention, and the process of the development of science and technology. The source of rights and the incentive effect of the intellectual property system, this article uses Rock theory as the basis of labor rights and Bentham's utilitarianism as the basis of the incentive mechanism to analyze, whether the inventor doctrine or the legislative mode of the unit can not solve the problems in practice perfectly. An important tool for the whole social relationship can only choose a more social purpose after the comprehensive examination of the advantages and disadvantages of the system, and make up for its shortcomings as far as possible. From the present situation, the rights belong to the University, and the rights of the inventor are guaranteed from the perspective of economic compensation and other legal rights. It is the most reasonable. This article is divided into five parts. The first part briefly introduces the system of job invention and compares the particularity of the job inventions and the job inventions of the University. The second to the fourth part is the core content of the study of the right to the duty invention of the University. The second part analyses the third part of the patent right of the university service. The fourth part is to discuss the rights, the right to know, the right of preemption, etc., in addition to the rights of the patent right, such as the right to get remuneration, the right to know, the right of preemption and so on. In the fourth part, by introducing the system of the ownership of the rights of the United States, Japan and Germany, the system of ownership of the rights of the invention is provided for reference and reference. The fifth part, according to the inquiry and analysis of the previous article, puts forward some suggestions to improve the system of the job invention in Colleges and universities in our country. The article concludes that the right to invent the post of university should belong to the school, but the interests of the inventor should be fully guaranteed in other ways.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.42

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