遗产债权人与继承人利益失衡现状及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 00:26

本文选题：遗产债权人 + 继承人　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：维护遗产债权人与继承人利益平衡,既是继承法立法的价值追求,也是其稳定社会和维护家庭和谐的立法目的。我国继承法自颁布以来,在调整公民继承法律关系方面起到了重要的作用,但现行继承法在调整遗产债权人与继承人利益方面,导致了二者利益保护的失衡的结果,这显露了随着时代的发展,其在保护公民合法财产方面的立法目标和维护法的公平、对公民进行平等保护的价值追求方面的漏洞及不足。因此,做好两者的利益平衡工作,公平和平等的保护公民的私有财产,不仅利于预防纠纷的发生,且对于我国民法典继承篇的修改和完善,彰显我国法治的水平,具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。本文对遗产债权人与继承人利益失衡现状及对策研究,主要从以下几个部分进行分析。第一部分,通过列举遗产债权人与继承人利益失衡方面的实践案例,考察法院判决的法律效果和社会效果,以引出所要研究的问题。第二部分,从继承制度的理论发展、继承法的价值追求及立法目的方面,论证了遗产债权人与继承人利益平衡的法理依据。第三部分,重点对我国现行继承法对遗产债权人及继承人利益失衡的现状和出现此种局面的原因展开分析。立法方面从继承选择权没有明确的时间限制、无条件的限定继承、遗产的处理顺序不明确、遗产与财产分离制度的缺乏、债权的公告和申制度的缺失等方面来论述。原因方面从物质因素影响、立法观念的缺乏、理论研究不深、救济手段缺乏四个层面来总结。第四部分,通过对域外间接继承制度和直接继承制度的立法经验考察,主要介绍了我国香港和台湾、德国、瑞士解决遗产债权人与继承人利益失衡的相关制度,并思考相关制度对我国继承法的启示。第五部分,在分析了我国遗产债权人与继承人利益失衡的的现状、原因和域外经验的基础上,重点给出了平衡遗产债权人与继承人利益的对策。在实体权利上主要从增加对限定继承的条件限制、完善遗产清册,建立遗产管理制度、明确继承人之间的连带清偿责任、建立遗产债权的公告和申报制度以及实行代位权和撤销权制度。在程序方面,主要实行遗产债权的公示催告程序和遗产清偿的督促程序、遗产的诉前保全程序和调整证明责任的分担来照顾作为劣势的遗产债权人。希望以上分析能在以后继承法的修改完善中起到一点参考作用。
[Abstract]:Maintaining the balance of the interests of the inheritance creditor and the heir is not only the pursuit of the value of the legislation of the inheritance law, but also the legislative purpose of stabilizing the society and maintaining the harmony of the family. Since the promulgation of the law of inheritance, China has played an important role in adjusting the legal relations of the citizens, but the current inheritance law is adjusting the interests of the inheritance creditors and the heirs. It leads to the result of the imbalance of the protection of the interests of the two, which reveals the loopholes and deficiencies in the value pursuit of protecting citizens' legal property and the equality of the protection of citizens with the development of the times and the equity of the equal protection of citizens. Therefore, the balance of interests and the protection of citizens are fair and equal. Private property is not only conducive to the prevention of disputes, but also to the revision and improvement of the civil code of our national code and to highlight the level of the rule of law in China. It has a certain theoretical and practical value. This paper is to analyze the current situation and Countermeasures of the interests imbalance of the heritage creditors and heirs. The main part is to analyze the following parts. In the second part, the legal principle of the balance between the inheritance creditor and the successor is demonstrated from the theoretical development of the inheritance system, the value pursuit of the inheritance law and the purpose of the legislation. According to the third part, it focuses on the analysis of the current status of the current inheritance law on the interests of the inheritance creditors and successors and the reasons for the situation. There is no definite time limit, unconditional succession, undefined order of inheritance, the lack of the separation system of heritage and property, and the creditor's rights in the legislative aspect. There are four aspects: the influence of material factors, the lack of legislative concept, the lack of theoretical research, the lack of relief means and the lack of four aspects. The fourth part, through the investigation of the legislative experience of the inheritance system and the direct inheritance system, mainly introduces the Chinese and Taiwan, Germany, In the fifth part, on the basis of the analysis of the current situation, the reasons and the extraterritorial experience, the Countermeasures of balancing the interests of the inheritance creditors and the heirs are given. In substantive rights, it is mainly from increasing the restriction on the conditions of inheritance, perfecting the inventory of heritage, establishing the system of heritage management, defining the liability of successive liquidation among the successors, establishing the announcement and declaration system of the creditor's rights, and implementing the system of subrogation and revocation. It is hoped that the above analysis can play a reference role in the revision and improvement of the inheritance law.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.5

【参考文献】