论商业银行安全保障责任制度的完善

发布时间：2018-05-17 03:29

本文选题：商业银行 + 安全保障责任　；参考：《云南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的快速发展,人们的经济生活也已步入一个相当成熟的阶段,商业银行①在现代经济中也越来越重要。我国金融业的起步、发展不及西方国家,但是现如今银行业在中国的发展也如火如荼的进行着。银行作为公共场所,根据《侵权责任法》的相关规定,具有安全保障的责任,即银行负有保障任何到银行办理或咨询业务的顾客的人身和财产不受侵害的法定义务,如果客户的损害是由于银行的不作为,即没有遵守该法定义务而导致的,银行此时负有赔偿的责任。尽管有关银行的安保义务可以从现有的法律等规定中找到部分相对应的内容,但客户到银行办理业务时的人身和财产遭受损害的现象却时有发生。由于法律法规的滞后性,对于银行安保责任的法律规定也相对僵硬、过于原则,在纠纷的解决和案件的审判中缺乏实际的可操作性,很难灵活运用,从而给审判工作带来困难。目前,我国关于银行安全保障责任的法律规定,只能从《侵权责任法》和《解释》③等一些极少数的法律和法规中找到零星的条款,一些具体规定,如责任的具体范围、责任免责事由、安全保障责任的抗辩事由、纠纷的解决方式等规定不完整、不明确具体,此其一。当前学术界关于安全保障责任的定义存在不同理解,如王利民教授,杨立新教授等专家学者的理论观点,相关法律法规也对安全保障责任的承担有规定,完善这些理论知识,对实际中解决银行客户人身和财产损害的纠纷有重要的指导作用,从而有效减少因为法律规定的缺失和空白而存在的很多依经验知识、价值观判案的情形,提高审判效率,更有效的发挥法律高效公正的作用,此其二。本文针对以上两个问题作出全面的剖析,最后就如何解决由于法律法规的滞后性带来的司法实践中的问题提出自己的一些看法。本文主要由四个部分构成；第一部分,基础理论概述；主要介绍理论知识,针对银行安保义务的定义、特点和法律渊源,以及银行由于违反该义务引发的相关民事责任应该如何承担等相关基本知识作介绍。第二部分,银行安保责任制度介绍；该部分主要论述银行违反安保义务时责任分配的原则,即归责原则、责任的构成要件、银行安保责任的抗辩事由、以及责任的承担方式。第三部分,存在的漏洞和问题；主要从制度的条款规定和条款在案件审判中的运用两个方面来论述。第四部分,制度的完善；这部分主要就如何解决文章前半段发现的问题提出自己的看法和意见。主要包括：安全保障责任内容和范围的明确规定、归责原则的确定、安全保障责任的抗辩事由、以及如何在案件审判中更合理、有效的运用有关的法律条款,在侵权和矛盾的解决中做到最大限度的公平公正,发挥法律“保障人权”的基本作用。整个结构按照“陈述一提问一解决”的逻辑顺序组织,结语部分对文章进行一个全面简短的概括。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, people's economic life has entered a quite mature stage, and commercial banks have become more and more important in modern economy. The development of China's financial industry is not as good as that of western countries, but the development of banking industry in China is in full swing. As a public place, according to the relevant provisions of the Tort liability Law, the bank has the duty of safety and security, that is, the bank has the legal obligation to protect the person and property of any customer who deals with or consults with the bank from being infringed upon. If the customer's damage is caused by the failure of the bank to comply with the statutory obligation, the bank is liable for compensation at this time. Although the security obligations of banks can be found in the existing laws and other provisions, but the customer to do business with the bank when the personal and property damage occurs from time to time. Due to the lag of laws and regulations, the legal provisions of bank security responsibility are also relatively rigid, too principled, lack of practical maneuverability in dispute resolution and trial, it is difficult to apply flexibly, thus bringing difficulties to the trial work. At present, the legal provisions on bank safety and security liability in China can only be found from a very small number of laws and regulations, such as the Tort liability Law and interpretation 3, and some specific provisions, such as the specific scope of liability, can be found. The responsibility exemption, the defense of the security responsibility, the dispute settlement and so on are not complete and specific, this is one of them. There are different understandings on the definition of safety and security responsibility in current academic circles, such as the theoretical views of Professor Wang Limin, Professor Yang Lixin and other experts and scholars, and the relevant laws and regulations also provide for the assumption of the responsibility of safety and security, so as to perfect these theoretical knowledge. It plays an important role in guiding the settlement of disputes concerning personal and property damage to bank customers in practice, thus effectively reducing many cases based on experience, knowledge and values, and improving the efficiency of trials, which are caused by the lack and blank of laws and regulations. More effective play to the role of law efficient and fair, this second. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the above two problems, and finally puts forward some views on how to solve the problems in judicial practice caused by the lag of laws and regulations. This paper is mainly composed of four parts: the first part, the overview of basic theory, mainly introduces the theoretical knowledge, the definition, characteristics and legal sources of bank security obligations. The basic knowledge of how the bank should bear the civil liability caused by the breach of this obligation is introduced. The second part is the introduction of bank security responsibility system, which mainly discusses the principles of responsibility distribution when banks violate their security obligations, that is, the principle of imputation, the constitutive elements of responsibility, the defense of bank security responsibility, and the way to assume responsibility. The third part, the existing loopholes and problems, mainly from the provisions of the system and the application of terms in the trial of two aspects. The fourth part, the perfection of the system, puts forward its own views and opinions on how to solve the problems found in the first half of the article. It mainly includes: the clear provisions of the content and scope of the security responsibility, the determination of the principle of imputation, the defense of the security responsibility, and how to make more reasonable and effective use of the relevant legal provisions in the trial of the case. In the solution of infringement and contradiction, we should maximize fairness and justice, and give play to the basic role of law "protecting human rights". The whole structure is organized in the logical order of "statement-question-solution", and the conclusion part gives a comprehensive and brief summary of the article.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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