监护人侵权责任研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 22:18

本文选题：监护人侵权责任 + 性质　；参考：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于监护人侵权责任所涉及的法律关系同时包括侵权损害赔偿法律关系和监护法律关系,导致理清监护人侵权责任相关理论存在一定的困难性,又因为监护人侵权责任影响着家庭甚至整个社会的稳定与发展,因此,对于监护人侵权责任问题,学界与司法界有颇多争议。实践中,监护人侵权责任中监护人举证责任倒置,其往往难以证明自身已积极履行义务,使得在发生被监护人侵权案件时,监护人担负的侵权责任程度远远超出一般侵权责任。即使《侵权责任法》完善了《民法通则》中关于监护人侵权责任的规定,但与大陆法系国家和英美法系国家的相关规制相比存在很大差异,这需要我们反观我国监护人侵权责任规定是否合理。因此,对监护人的侵权责任的性质、归责原则以及承担规则进行全面剖析意义深远。本文围绕以上问题,通过文献分析法、历史分析法、价值分析法、案例分析法研究方法,对国内外学说观点进行整理与分析,对监护人的侵权责任的性质、归责原则以及承担规则作出界定。以对民事主体三方合法权利的考量作为规制我国监护人侵权责任的基础,以尊重社会化趋势为依据,将研究目光不断地在理论与现实间来回穿梭,进而提出具体的建议。本文正文分为四个部分,第一部分引言以案例作为引导,提出现行法上关于监护人侵权责任的性质、归责原则以及承担规则的相关问题的不合理之处。第二部分深究了监护人侵权责任的性质,将各种相关学说进行解析,明确其性质。从价值层面入手,分析研究了监护人侵权责任的利益衡量问题,在监护人自由、被监护人成长发展以及受害人权益保护三者之间找寻平衡点。第三部分探讨了监护人侵权责任问题的重点部分,即归责原则问题研究。该部分阐述了归责原则的基本理论,并考察了众多学说,以此为契提出我国关于监护人侵权责任的归责原则未来发展方向。为求体系完整,一并提出构成监护人侵权责任的法定要件以及免去监护人侵权责任的法定事由。第四部分分析了监护人侵权责任的承担规则,在认定被监护人的责任能力有无及其能否对相应的自己责任承担的前提下,考察了监护人侵权责任的承担规则模式,并从立法角度,对监护人侵权责任的承担规则提出切实可行的建议。本文结语部分对上述四部分得出的见解和意见进行总结提炼。在通过平衡各方利益的基础之上,分别就监护人侵权责任相应问题研究作出如下结论：对于监护人侵权责任的性质认定,在立法法上应当属于他人行为责任,但未来立法方向上应向自己行为责任倾斜；对于监护人侵权责任的归责原则,根据法条分析应当属于无过错责任原则,但在未来立法方向上对于监护人侵权责任问题采用过错责任原则；就监护人侵权责任的承担规则,在立法法上认定为被监护人无责任能力不承担侵权责任因而由监护人承担,但未来立法上应构建在被监护人自己责任的影响下监护人承担相应的侵权责任体系,即采用单独责任、连带责任及社会补偿并存模式。总之,我国现行法上关于监护人侵权责任有一定的缺陷,存在完善余地。
[Abstract]:Because the legal relationship involved by the guardian's tort liability includes both the legal relationship and the guardianship relation of the tort damages, it leads to a certain difficulty in the theory of the tort liability of the guardian, and because the guardian's tort liability affects the stability and development of the family and even the whole society. Therefore, the tort liability for the guardian is infringed. There is a lot of controversy between the academic and judicial circles. In practice, the guardian's liability for proof is inverted in the tort liability of the guardian. It is often difficult to prove that the guardian has actively fulfilled its obligations, so that the guardian's liability for tort is far beyond the general liability for tort in the case of the infringement of the guardian. Even if the tort liability law has been perfected, The regulations of the general principles of the civil law about the tort liability of the guardian, but there are great differences compared with the relevant regulations of the civil law countries and the Anglo American law countries. This requires us to look back on the rationality of the tort liability of the guardian in our country. Therefore, the nature of the tort liability of the guardian, the principle of liability and the rules of the responsibility are thoroughly analyzed. It is of far-reaching significance. This article around the above problems, through the literature analysis, historical analysis, value analysis, case analysis method research methods, the domestic and foreign doctrines are arranged and analyzed, the nature of the guardian's tort liability, the principle of liability and the rules to be defined. The consideration of the legal rights of the three parties of the civil subject is taken as the consideration. On the basis of regulating the tort liability of guardians in our country, on the basis of respect for the trend of socialization, the research will be kept back and forth between theory and reality, and then put forward specific suggestions. The text of this article is divided into four parts. The first part of the first part is guided by the case, and puts forward the nature of the tort liability of the guardian in the line of practice and the original responsibility. The second part analyses the nature of the tort liability of the guardian, analyzes the various related theories, and clarifies its nature. From the value level, it analyzes and studies the problem of the interests measurement of the guardian's tort liability, in the guardianship's freedom, the growth and development of the guardian and the human rights of the victims. The third part discusses the key part of the tort liability of the guardian, the key part of the tort liability of the guardian, that is, the study of the principle of imputation. This part expounds the basic theory of the principle of imputation, and inspects many theories, so as to put forward the future development direction of the principle of imputation for the guardian of our guardian. The fourth part analyses the rules for the liability of the guardian's tort, and examines the tort liability of the guardian under the premise that the responsibility of the guardian is responsible for the responsibility of the guardian and whether it can bear the corresponding responsibility. Taking the rule pattern, and from the legislative point of view, it puts forward practical suggestions on the rules of the guardian's liability for tort. The conclusion of this article summarizes the views and opinions drawn on the above four parts. On the basis of balancing the interests of the parties, the following conclusions are made to the relevant problems of the guardian's right to empower the rights. The nature of the tort liability of the guardian should belong to the responsibility of others in the legislative law, but the future legislative direction should be inclined to the responsibility of its own behavior; the principle of the liability for the infringement of the guardian of the guardian should belong to the principle of no fault liability according to the law, but the tort liability of the guardian in the absence of legislative direction According to the principle of liability for fault, the guardian should bear the responsibility of the guardian without responsibility for the liability of the guardian's tort liability, but in the future legislation, the guardian should establish the corresponding tort liability system under the influence of the guardian's own responsibility, that is to use the individual responsibility. With the coexistence of responsibility and social compensation, in short, there are some defects in the current law of tort liability of guardians in China, and there is room for improvement.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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