我国寺庙民事主体地位探析

发布时间：2018-05-19 03:12

本文选题：寺庙 + 民事主体　；参考：《甘肃政法学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着市场经济高速运转,我国宗教寺庙以及寺庙僧侣在实际生活中与其他法人、公民发生越来越密切的社会关系,而无论是财产关系或者侵权责任关系,这些关系都造成了理论界与司法界的纠纷,这一系列问题解决的根本在于立法上赋予我国寺庙法人什么样的民事主体地位,我国现行宗教法律只是赋予宗教团体以社团法人民事主体地位,但是《中华人民共和国民法总则》即将在2017年10月1日正式施行,《民法总则》对我国寺庙采取非营利法人下的社团法人与捐助法人的二元主体制。这一法律制度虽然新出台,但仍有许多不及宗教法人制度之处。本文分用四部分来阐释为何要给予我国寺庙以宗教法人的民事主体地位。通过民事主体理论的探析,寻求当前民事主体概念内部的争论点,再通过《民法通则》与《民法总则》相关规定的对比,揭示我国寺庙采取捐助法人与社会团体法人二元民事主体地位的优劣之处。由于当下对我国寺庙民事主体更高标准的民事保护,是站在前人肩头的积累与提高,于是纵向梳理我国寺庙民事主体的历史地位,以探寻赋予寺庙民事主体做法正当性的历史渊源。着眼于我国宗教寺庙的现状,分析出我国寺庙民事主体现存三大问题,分别是寺庙民事主体立法与时间冲突;寺庙财产归属不清晰;宗教法律规制体系欠缺。为与世界高标准寺庙保护法律制度相接轨,进行域外横向对比,分为三种寺庙民事主体立法例:财团法人型、社团法人型、宗教法人型,发现我国与其他拥有先进宗教法律制度国家的差距,得出针对我国寺庙民事主体地位选择的启示,即选择宗教法人,宗教法人不但是妥善解决我国寺庙法人民事主体这一法律问题的必要工具,而且宗教法人制度的立法选择还能与我国宗教国情良好结合,可以达到鼓励宗教与解决纠纷的双赢效果,因此,必须明确我国寺庙宗教法人民事主体地位。
[Abstract]:With the rapid operation of the market economy, religious temples and monasteries in our country have more and more close social relations with other legal persons and citizens in their actual lives, whether they are property relations or tort liability. These relations have resulted in disputes between the theoretical and judicial circles. The fundamental solution to this series of problems lies in what kind of civil subject status is given to the temple legal person in our country by legislation. The current religious laws of our country only give religious organizations the status of civil subject as legal persons of associations. However, the General principles of Civil Law of the people's Republic of China will come into effect on October 1, 2017. Although this legal system is new, but still has many inferior religious legal person system. This article is divided into four parts to explain why temples in our country should be given the status of civil subject as religious legal person. Through the analysis of the theory of civil subject, this paper seeks the internal issues of the concept of civil subject, and then compares the relevant provisions between the General principles of Civil Law and the General principles of Civil Law. This paper reveals the advantages and disadvantages of the dual civil subject status of donation legal person and social organization legal person in temples of our country. As the higher standard of civil protection for the temple civil subject in our country at present is the accumulation and improvement of the predecessor's shoulder, the historical position of the temple civil subject in our country is sorted out longitudinally. In order to explore the historical origin of giving legitimacy to the civil subject of temple. Focusing on the present situation of the religious temples in China, this paper analyzes the three existing problems of the civil subjects of temples in China, namely, the conflicts between the legislation and the time of the civil subjects of temples, the unclear ownership of temple property, and the lack of the system of religious legal regulation. In order to connect with the world's high standard temple protection legal system, it is divided into three kinds of legislation examples of temple civil subject: financial corporation, association legal person, religious legal person, and so on. Find out the gap between China and other countries with advanced religious legal system, and draw inspiration from the choice of civil subject status of temples in China, that is, the choice of religious legal person. The religious legal person is not only the necessary tool to solve the legal problem of the civil subject of the temple legal person in our country, but also the legislative choice of the religious legal person system can be well combined with the religious situation of our country. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the civil subject status of religious legal person of temples in China.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.1

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