论消费者后悔权与经营者经营权之冲突与协调

发布时间：2018-05-24 18:00

  本文选题：消费者 + 后悔权　； 参考：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：生活在地球上的人群,尽管其出生、年龄、性别、民族、职业、宗教信仰、受教育程度、财产状况等各不相同,但所有的人群在市场上则只有消费者和经营者之区别。这两种人群在权益上是根本对立的,即经营者是以追求利益最大化为目的,往往会损害消费者的合法权益,而消费者则以购买价廉物美的商品和接受价廉优质的服务为目的,对经营者提出各种要求。当二者之间的利益冲突无法调和时,则需要国家公权力介入其中进行协调,消费者权益保护法则正是协调经营者与消费者之间的利益冲突的产物。随着以人为本的立法理念和保护弱者权益原则逐渐被各国立法与司法实践不同程度地接受,各国消费者权益保护法的内容也在悄然地发生变化：为了最大限度地保护消费者的合法权益,在赋予消费者诸多权益的同时,新近一些国家的消费者权益保护法纷纷规定消费者享有后悔权。我国立法机关认真审视了当代各国消费者权益保护法的这一变化,于2013年修改的《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》(以下简称《消法》)时也明确规定了消费者享有后悔权。然而,消费者的该项权利势必与经营者的经营权之间发生激烈的冲突。如何协调上述两种权利的冲突,客观地摆到了法学理论工作者和司法实践的面前。但由于新《消法》实施的时间甚短,迄今为止,学界对消费者后悔权与经营者经营权之冲突应当如何协调尚缺乏具体的研究。基于此,本文以“论消费者的后悔权与经营者经营权之冲突与协调”作为选题,并立足于消费者后悔权的基本理论之阐释,剖析消费者后悔权与经营者经营权之冲突的表现和原因,就如何进一步完善我国相关法律以妥善协调后悔权与经营权之冲突进行探讨。企盼能对我国《消费者权益保护法》的充分实施和妥善处理消费者与经营者之间的权利义务关系以及促进我国社会主义市场经济的健康、稳定、和谐发展有所裨益。全文除引言外,主要包括三个部分：第一部分,阐释消费者后悔权的基本理论。首先,阐述消费者后悔权的含义和特征。所谓消费者的后悔权,是指消费者在商品交易合同履行完毕之后的一定期限内享有的无条件解除合同即退货的权利。消费者后悔权具有如下基本特征：它具有法定性；它具有无因性；它属于形成权；它的行使具有免责性。其次,论述消费者后悔权的理论依据。之所以诸多国家的法律规定消费者享有后悔权,主要是基于如下理论依据：保护弱者合法权益原则；维护市场秩序原则；平等互利原则。第二部分,剖析消费者后悔权与经营者经营权之冲突的原因。消费者与经营者作为对立关系的统一整体,决定了消费者后悔权与经营者经营权之间必然存在着矛盾和冲突,产生此种冲突的原因固然是多方面的,但最主要的原因应当是：市场经济不同主体的利益冲突之使然；消费者权益保护法的宗旨之使然；消费市场从卖方市场向买方市场转变的结果。正是消费者及其权利与经营者及其权利的冲突与博弈推动了市场经济的发展和人类社会的文明与进步。第三部分,论述协调消费者后悔权与经营者经营权之冲突的意义及相关立法完善。协调消费者后悔权与经营者经营权之冲突的意义主要体现在：有利于节约资源；有利于维护良好的市场秩序；有利于促进社会的不断进步；有利于顺应国际形势的发展趋势。协调消费者后悔权与经营者经营权之冲突的立法完善应当从以下入手：明确规定消费者后悔权的行使范围；规定消费者后悔权的行使期限；规定消费者后悔权的行使方式；规定消费者后悔权的除外；规定滥用消费者后悔权的法律责任。只有制定良好的协调消费者后悔权与经营者经营权之冲突的法律规则,才能在切实保护消费者合法权益的同时,维护经营者正当的权利和利益。
[Abstract]:In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers , the consumer ' s rights and interests protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers .
It has no cause ;
It belongs to the right of formation ;
Secondly , it discusses the theory basis of consumer regret right . The law of many countries stipulates that consumers enjoy the right of regret , mainly based on the following theoretical basis : protecting the legal rights and interests of the weak ;
Maintain the principle of market order ;
The second part , analyzes the causes of the conflict between consumers ' regret right and the operator ' s right of business . As a whole , consumers and operators , as a whole , decide that there is inevitable contradiction and conflict between consumers ' regret right and the operator ' s right of business , and the causes of such conflicts are manifold , but the main reason should be : the conflict of interest of different subjects of market economy ;
The purpose of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests ;
The conflict and game between consumers and their rights and operators and their rights drive the development of market economy and the civilization and progress of human society .
It is conducive to the maintenance of good market order ;
is conducive to the continuous progress of society ;
It is conducive to the development trend of the international situation . The legislative perfection of coordinating the conflict between consumers ' regret right and the operator ' s right of operation should begin with the following : explicit stipulation of the scope of consumer regret right ;
stipulate the period of exercise of the right of consumer regret ;
The mode of exercise of the right to regret the consumer ' s regret ;
Except for the right of consumers to regret ;
In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers , it is necessary to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the operators while protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers .
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.8
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本文编号：1930023