快件损害赔偿法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 21:55

本文选题：快递 + 快件　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国目前的快递市场经营主体已经形成了国有企业、民营企业、合资企业多元化主体并存的局面,在国民经济提升内生动力、扩大内需的转型期,特别是在电子商务的刺激下,我国的快递业仍将保持着高速增长的态势。2014年天猫双十一的交易额达到571亿元,这不仅打破了吉尼斯世界纪录,也带动了快递行业的飞速发展。从网络上公布的数据来看,截至2014年11月11日24时,阿里牵头创办的“菜鸟”网络科技有限公司包裹量达到2.78亿件;圆通当日的业务量达到2532.6万件;申通快递全天网订单量3050万件;中通快递全天业务量达到2420万件;韵达2058万件。1国家统计局预计,2015年快递业务量将完成196亿件,同比增长40%;快递业务收入完成2650亿元,同比增长30%。2快递行业快速发展的同时,快递延误、损毁、丢失仍是投诉的焦点问题。在快件损害赔偿问题上,2009年修订的《中华人民共和国邮政法》确立了其与邮政损害赔偿区别适用的规则,并相继颁布了《快递市场管理办法》和《快递服务国家标准》,但这仍不能使寄件人获得与实际损失一致的赔偿。2012年10月26日通过的《关于修改中华人民共和国邮政法的决定》是目前为止《邮政法》的最新版,但这次修改的内容仅涉及邮政监管体制,即在第4条增加了关于设立省级以下邮政管理机构的决定,该机构与国务院邮政管理部门和省、自治区、直辖市邮政管理机构形成了邮政管理部门的三级职权机构,其他内容均与2009年《邮政法》一致。3快递行业如要将这种发展态势保持下去,势必需要一种完善的快件损害赔偿制度来保驾护航。本文就目前快件损害赔偿问题上的惯行做法提出不足,并力图找到更好的解决方法,既不损及快递行业发展,又能充分保护寄件人或收件人的权益。本文共分为四个部分。主要包括以下几个方面:第一部分,快递服务法律关系与快件损害赔偿责任。首先论述快递服务法律关系,阐明快件所在背景、快递服务的基本概念及其与邮政普遍服务的区别,进而分析快递服务法律关系相关主体的权利与义务;其次分析快件损害赔偿责任的的含义与性质,其存在违约责任、侵权责任以及两者的竞合。第二部分,快件损害赔偿的基本内容。损害对象——快件的认定,除了理论上认定的种类,还应符合法律规定。损害原因不仅包括快件丢失、损毁、内件不符,还应包括时限延误。损害赔偿请求权的主体因违约和侵权而有不同。第三部分,我国快件损害赔偿制度的现状与评析。主要分析了现行法律法规、部门规章和相关标准在规范快件损害赔偿问题上的规定以及存在的不足,并指出快递行业的保价制度和限额赔偿存在的问题。第四部分,完善我国快件损害赔偿制度的建议。针对立法和快递行业在快件损害赔偿问题上存在的不足,提出尊重保价约定,取消不保价时限额赔偿的规定。
[Abstract]:At present, the main body of the express delivery market in our country has formed a situation in which state-owned enterprises, private enterprises and joint ventures have diversified main bodies. In the transition period of national economy promotion and expansion of domestic demand, especially under the stimulation of electronic commerce, China's express delivery industry will continue to maintain a rapid growth trend. In 2014, the volume of Tmall double 11 transactions reached 57.1 billion yuan, which not only broke the Guinness World record, but also led to the rapid development of express delivery industry. From the data published on the network, as of November 11, 2014 24:00, Ali led the establishment of "Cainiao" Network Technology Co., Ltd. package volume reached 278 million, Yuantong business volume reached 25.326 million on that day; The volume of orders for Shentong Express is 30.5 million; the volume of total business of Zhongtong Express has reached 24.2 million; and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) estimates that 19.6 billion items will be completed in 2015, an increase of 40 yuan over the same period of last year; and the revenue of express delivery business has reached 265 billion yuan. Year-on-year growth of 30.2 express delivery industry rapid development, delivery delay, damage, loss is still the focus of complaints. With regard to the issue of damages for express mail, the Postal Law of the people's Republic of China, amended in 2009, established the rules for distinguishing it from postal damages. And has promulgated the express delivery market administration method and the express delivery service national standard successively, but this still cannot make the sender obtain the compensation which is consistent with the actual loss. The decision on political Law is the latest edition of the Postal Law so far. However, the contents of this revision relate only to the postal regulatory system, that is, the decision to establish postal administrations below the provincial level has been added to Article 4, which, together with the postal administration department of the State Council and the provinces and autonomous regions, The postal administration agencies of municipalities directly under the Central Government have formed three levels of competent organs of the postal administration departments, and the other contents are consistent with the 2009 Postal Law. 3 if the express delivery industry wants to maintain this trend of development, Certainly need a kind of perfect express mail damage compensation system to protect the escort. This paper puts forward the deficiency of the usual practice on the problem of damages for express mail at present, and tries to find a better solution, which not only does not harm the development of express delivery industry, but also can fully protect the rights and interests of the sender or addressee. This paper is divided into four parts. Mainly include the following aspects: the first part, express service legal relationship and express damages liability. First of all, it discusses the legal relationship of express service, clarifies the background of express service, the basic concept of express service and the difference between express service and general postal service, and then analyzes the rights and obligations of the subjects concerned in the legal relationship of express delivery service. Secondly, it analyzes the meaning and nature of the liability for damages by express, the liability for breach of contract, the liability for tort and the concurrence of the two. The second part, the basic content of damages by express mail. The identification of the object of damage-express mail, in addition to the category recognized in theory, should also comply with the legal provisions. The causes of damage include not only the loss, damage and inconsistency of the courier, but also the delay in the time limit. The subject of claim for damages is different because of breach of contract and infringement. The third part, our country express the damage compensation system present situation and the appraisal. This paper mainly analyzes the current laws and regulations, departmental regulations and related standards on the regulation of express damage compensation and the shortcomings, and points out the problems of the price insurance system and the limitation compensation in express delivery industry. The fourth part, consummates our country express the damage compensation system suggestion. In view of the deficiency of the legislation and express delivery industry in the problem of damages for courier, the article puts forward the stipulation of respecting the agreement of insurance price and canceling the stipulation of capping compensation when the price is not insured.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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