违约之可得利益赔偿研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 08:16

本文选题：违约可得利益 + 可预见性规则　；参考：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现在我国社会经济高速发展,每个人都积极地参与到经济活动之中,合同成为人们参与市场经营和交易的主要方式。在争取经济利益的过程中,合同发挥着举足轻重的作用。合同订立之后,合同的双方当事人要严格依照合同的约定适当地履行自己的义务,这样合同的目的才能实现,最终合同当事人才能获得各自的经济利益。合同的适当履行也是社会经济健康发展的关键所在,能鼓励更多的人们去进行经济交易,从而为社会增加给多的物质财富,大幅度提高人们的生活水平。然而由于各种因素的影响,违约情形常常会发生,从而损害了合同当事人的利益以及社会经济的健康发展。违约情形出现后,合同非违约一方的会追求最大限度的利益保护,要求违约方赔偿自己的可得利益的损失。对于违约可得利益损失的赔偿,我国法律作出了相关规定,并相继出台了审理民商事合同纠纷的《指导意见》,对司法实践中出现的问题提供解决的依据。但法律的滞后性与概括性决定了当前法律规定的不够完善。因此,本文在比较分析国内外立法和司法实践的基础上,详细论述了相关的法学理论,从而对我国违约可得利益损失赔偿制度提供有益的借鉴。全文除引言和结语外,共分为四个部分,具体而言,包括以下内容:第一部分:我国违约可得利益损害赔偿的立法及司法现状。首先阐述了违约可得利益的立法沿革,相关立法从无到有,从抽象到相对具体,但是法律规定还是不够详尽。其次对我国的现实司法实践状况做出了说明,指出了现实中存在的困境。现实中对可得利益损失的赔偿诉讼请求,法院大多数情形下是不支持的。第二部分:国外关于可得利益损害赔偿的立法及借鉴。分别对德国、法国、美国和英国的立法做出详细的论述,指出了各个国家不同的不同做法。最后,说明了国外关于可得利益损害赔偿的立法对我国立法的借鉴意义。第三部分:违约可得利益损失的法理分析。首先详细论述了可得利益的含义和特点,从而对可得利益的内涵和外延做出清晰的界定。其次对违约可得利益损失的构成要件和证明标准做出了说明,为司法实践中认定可得利益损失提供了明确的标准。第四部分:论述了违约可得利益损失赔偿的限定规则、计算方法和影响因素。限定规则包括可预见性规则、减轻损失规则、过失相抵规则和损益相抵规则。计算方法包括约定计算方法、法定计算方法和酌定计算方法。影响因素包括主体因素、地点因素和时间因素。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the rapid development of social economy in our country, everyone is actively participating in economic activities, and contract has become the main way for people to participate in market operation and transaction. In the process of striving for economic benefits, the contract plays a pivotal role. After the conclusion of the contract, the parties to the contract should fulfill their obligations strictly in accordance with the agreement of the contract, so that the purpose of the contract can be realized and the parties to the contract can obtain their respective economic benefits. The proper performance of contracts is also the key to the healthy development of social economy, which can encourage more people to carry out economic transactions, thus increasing the material wealth for the society and greatly improving people's living standards. However, due to the influence of various factors, breach of contract often occurs, which damages the interests of the parties to the contract and the healthy development of social economy. After breach of contract, the non-defaulting party of the contract will pursue the maximum protection of interests and ask the defaulting party to compensate for the loss of his own available benefits. With regard to the compensation for the loss of interest due to breach of contract, the relevant provisions have been made in our law, and the guiding opinions on the trial of civil and commercial contract disputes have been issued one after another, providing the basis for solving the problems arising in the judicial practice. But the lag and generality of the law decide that the current law is not perfect. Therefore, on the basis of comparative analysis of domestic and foreign legislation and judicial practice, this paper discusses the relevant legal theories in detail, thus providing a useful reference for the system of compensation for the loss of interest obtained by breach of contract in our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four parts, specifically, including the following contents: the first part: the legislative and judicial status quo of compensation for damages due to breach of contract in China. First, the legislative evolution of the benefits of breach of contract is expounded. The relevant legislation begins from nothing, from abstract to relatively specific, but the legal provisions are not detailed enough. Secondly, it explains the actual judicial practice in our country and points out the dilemma in reality. In reality, the court does not support claims for loss of interest. The second part: the foreign legislation on the compensation of available interests and reference. The legislation of Germany, France, the United States and the United Kingdom is discussed in detail, pointing out different practices in different countries. At last, it explains the reference meaning of the foreign legislation on the compensation for the interests of our country. The third part: the legal theory analysis of the loss of the benefits of breach of contract. Firstly, the meaning and characteristics of available interest are discussed in detail, so that the connotation and extension of available interest are clearly defined. Secondly, it explains the constitutive elements and the standard of proof of the loss of interest that can be obtained in breach of contract, which provides a clear standard for the determination of loss of available interest in judicial practice. The fourth part discusses the limited rules, calculation methods and influencing factors of the compensation for loss of interest due to breach of contract. The rules include predictability rule, loss mitigation rule, fault offset rule and profit and loss offset rule. The calculation methods include the conventional calculation method, the statutory calculation method and the discretionary calculation method. The influencing factors include subject factor, location factor and time factor.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6

【参考文献】