《侵权责任法》补充责任适用程序之检讨

发布时间：2018-06-04 19:09

本文选题：侵权补充责任 + 顺序性　；参考：《华东政法大学学报》2017年03期

【摘要】："责任履行的顺序性"是侵权补充责任与连带责任、按份责任、不真正连带责任的核心区别。现有理论对补充责任"顺序性"的程序法论述并不全面。案例分析表明,侵权补充责任诉讼程序趋向简单化、任意化。为满足补充责任的"顺序性"特点,应遵循审执分离的诉讼二阶构造,区分责任的确定程序与责任的实现程序。在责任确定阶段应以尊重当事人的处分权为原则,允许权利人自由选择起诉对象。同时,基于权利实现的可能性,可适当限制权利人主观放弃起诉直接责任人而仅起诉补充责任人这一方式。在特殊情况下,应设置具体条件,允许权利人直接起诉补充责任人,作为实现补充责任"顺序性"的例外。在责任实现阶段,应严格遵循执行顺序与执行穷尽原则,并在满足权利人利益的同时,保障补充责任人的顺序利益。
[Abstract]:"the order of responsibility performance" is the core difference between tort supplementary liability and joint liability, according to share responsibility, not true joint and several liability. The existing theory is not comprehensive on the procedural law of the "sequential" nature of supplementary liability. The case analysis shows that the tort supplementary liability litigation procedure tends to be simplified and arbitrary. In order to satisfy the "order" characteristic of supplementary liability, we should follow the second order structure of the separation of trial and execution, and distinguish the procedure of determining responsibility from the procedure of realizing responsibility. In the stage of liability determination, the principle of respecting the party's right of disposition should be taken as the principle, and the obligee should be allowed to choose the object of prosecution freely. At the same time, based on the possibility of the realization of rights, we can restrict the right holder from suing the direct responsible person subjectively and only suing the supplementary responsibility person. In special circumstances, specific conditions should be set to allow the obligee to prosecute the supplementary responsible person directly, as an exception to the realization of the "order" of the supplementary responsibility. In the stage of responsibility realization, we should strictly follow the principle of execution order and enforcement exhaustion, and guarantee the order interests of supplementary responsible persons while satisfying the interests of the obligee.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“迈向制度理性的民事程序研究”(项目号14CFX028) 中国人民大学科研基金项目“民事纠纷的多元化解决机制研究”(项目号10XNI033)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D923

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