专利当然许可制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 16:01

本文选题：专利许可 + 当然许可　；参考：《中南财经政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：专利的生命在于实施运用,如果不能有效地将专利付诸生产生活,那么专利就失去了存在的价值。随着我国知识产权法律制度的不断完善和健全,人们的专利意识不断提高,在国家和地方政府的政策支持和鼓励下,我国专利成果显著,专利数量越居世界前列,专利质量也得到了很大的提高。但是,专利的实施转化率一直不高,没有充分发挥专利推动社会经济进步和科技创新的作用。可以说,提高专利实施、运用和转化已经成为我国专利工作的重中之重,提高专利的转化率既需要提高专利本身的质量,更加需要专利法律制度的保障。我国现行专利有关法律法规规定了专利的许可、转让和专利权人自行实施等基本的实施运用途径,其中专利许可是专利运用的较为普遍的方式,但是限于需求方和专利权人之间信息的不对称,专利许可的达成需要历经千辛万苦,专利强制许可的适用条件苛刻,一般只在药品等特殊领域可以发挥作用;总体来说当前我国的专利许可没有能够充分发挥促进专利实施、运用和转化的作用。如何提高专利的实施运用转化率是全世界各个国家都面临的重要问题,英国作为世界上最早确立专利制度的国家之一,其在专利制度上的诸多有益的创新和经验成果都值得我们学习和借鉴。为了提高专利的实施运用,英国于1949年专利法修改过程中首创了专利当然许可制度,开创了专利许可的一种新类型,这一制度在专利许可实施中发挥了较大的作用。这一制度后来在世界各地得到推广,既包括前英属殖民地印度、南非等,也包括巴西、俄罗斯、德国和法国等国,可以说专利当然许可制度为专利的实施运用注入了新的活力。我们要积极地学习和借鉴国外的优秀成果和实践,从中获得适用我国专利当然许可制度建立和完善的成果。《专利法修订草案(送审稿)》首次将专利当然许可制度纳入我国专利制度体系之中,是我国积极学习外国专利制度经验的有益尝试,但就这一制度设计引发诸多争议。专利当然许可制度作为学习借鉴外国专利制度的成果,在我国建立这一制度的可行性和正当性是不容质疑的,既是完善我国专利许可制度体系的需要,也是我国数量庞大的专利成果迫切转化实施的需要,而且其自身的优越性也是明显的;另外,专利当然许可制度的构建有法哲学和经济学的支撑,符合知识产权利益平衡理论。专利当然许可制度的构建正是为了提高专利成果的实施和运用,这一制度的优势是显而易见的,但是作为“舶来品”,要想在我国的专利制度中生根发芽,就必须要在制度构建之初就作出合理的制度设计和框架选择;现有《专利法修订草案(送审稿)》的条文设计存在诸多的不足之处有待完善,立法规定上应当完善和健全有关这一制度设立程序和条件等实施规则;有关这一制度引发的纠纷处理上,应当完善纠纷解决机制;在行政上应当明确国务院专利行政部门的职能和服务定位,坚持市场为主导的模式下行政机关予以辅助等等。专利当然许可是我国专利许可制度的新尝试,必将会为专利实施带来新活力。
[Abstract]:The life of the patent lies in the implementation. If the patent can not be effectively put into production, the patent will lose its value. With the continuous improvement and perfection of the legal system of intellectual property in China, the consciousness of the patent is constantly improved. Under the support and encouragement of the policy of the state and the local government, the patent results of our country are remarkable. However, the conversion rate of patent is not high, and the role of patent to promote social and economic progress and scientific and technological innovation is not fully played. It can be said that improving patent implementation, application and transformation has become the most important part of our patent work, and improve the conversion rate of patent. It is necessary to improve the quality of the patent itself and the guarantee of the legal system of the patent. The relevant laws and regulations of our country stipulate the license of the patent, the transfer and the implementation of the patenholder on its own basis, in which the patent license is the more universal way of the patent application, but it is limited to the demand side and the patenholder. With the asymmetry of information, the need for patent licensing has experienced a great deal of hard work. The application conditions of patent compulsory license are harsh, and it can play a role only in special fields such as drugs. In general, the patent license in our country is not able to give full play to the role of promoting patent implementation, transportation and transformation. How to improve the implementation of patent. The use of conversion is an important issue facing all countries in the world. As one of the first countries in the world to establish the patent system, Britain has many beneficial innovations and experience in the patent system. In order to improve the application of patent, Britain first created the patent law in the 1949. The system of granted licensing has created a new type of patent licensing, which has played a major role in the implementation of patent licensing. This system was later popularized around the world, including former British colonies, India, South Africa, and Brazil, Russia, Germany and France, which can be said to be the patent licensing system. The implementation and application of the patent inject new vitality. We should actively study and learn from the outstanding achievements and practice of foreign countries, and obtain the results of establishing and perfecting the patent licensing system of our country. < patent law revised draft > > for the first time the patent system of patent is included in the system of patent system of our country, it is the positive of our country. It is a useful attempt to learn from the experience of foreign patent system, but there are many disputes about the design of this system. As a result of learning from foreign patent system, the feasibility and legitimacy of establishing this system in our country can not be questioned. It is not only the need to perfect the system of patent licensing system in our country, but also the number of our country. The huge patent results urgently transform the needs of implementation, and their own advantages are obvious. In addition, the construction of patent licensing system is supported by legal philosophy and economics, which conforms to the theory of balance of interests of intellectual property rights. The construction of patent license system is to improve the implementation and application of patent results. The advantages are obvious, but as "foreign goods", if we want to take root in the patent system of our country, we must make reasonable system design and frame selection at the beginning of the system construction; there are many shortcomings in the existing provisions of the revised draft (send the manuscript) of the Patent Law, which should be perfected, and the legislative provisions should be stipulated. To improve and improve the rules for the establishment of the system and the conditions for the establishment of the system, the dispute settlement mechanism caused by this system should improve the dispute settlement mechanism; in administration, the function and service orientation of the Patent Administration Department of the State Council should be clearly defined, and the administrative organ under the market-oriented model should be assisted. However, the new attempt of patent licensing system in China will bring new vitality to patent implementation.
【学位授予单位】：中南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.42

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