法律行为、民事行为、民事法律行为概念辨析——及对民法总则制定的启示

发布时间：2018-06-19 18:13

本文选题：民法总则 + 法律行为　；参考：《求是学刊》2015年05期

【摘要】：我国与苏联有关法律行为是否具有合法性之论述,多数均将法律行为的合法与生效混为一谈。实际上,法律行为的成立并不以违法性为判断基准;法律行为是在成立要件中判断其是否成立,于生效要件中才判断其是否生效;法律行为经常与合法与否没有直接关系,"适法"比"合法"更能准确体现出法律行为的本质。《苏联民法》继受自《德国民法》,但缘于意识形态与计划经济的需要,苏联以国家意志取代了通过意思表示所形成的私法自治,因此认为合法行为才是法律行为。我国的《民法通则》以"民事行为"与"民事法律行为"代替了"法律行为",此规定与理论难以自洽,在实践上产生许多变形,一直不乏学者批评。确认无效法律行为(民事行为)得以撤销,对法律行为的中立性与适法性等特质,有辅助厘清的效果。未来民法总则中有关法律行为的规定,将决定我们国家与民族的生活方式,法律人应为此奋斗。
[Abstract]:Most of the discussions on the legality of legal acts in China and the Soviet Union confuse the legality of legal acts with the validity of legal acts. In fact, the establishment of a legal act is not based on illegality; the legal act is to judge whether the legal act is established or not, and only in the effective element to judge whether it is effective or not. Legal acts often have no direct relationship with legality or not. "appropriate law" is more accurate than "legality" to reflect the essence of legal behavior. "Soviet Civil Law" was accepted from German Civil Law, but it was due to the need of ideology and planned economy. The Soviet Union replaced the autonomy of private law through the expression of will with the will of the state, and considered that the lawful act was the legal act. The General principles of Civil Law in China replace "legal acts" with "Civil acts" and "Civil legal acts", which are difficult to reconcile with the theory and produce many changes in practice, which have been criticized by scholars all the time. To confirm the nullity of legal act (civil act) can be revoked, which can help clarify the characteristics of neutrality and suitability of legal act. In the future, the legal acts in the general principles of civil law will determine the way of life of our country and nation, and the legal person should strive for it.
【作者单位】：浙江大学光华法学院;
【分类号】：D923

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