论拾得遗失物的法律效力

发布时间：2018-06-22 21:13

本文选题：遗失物 + 物上占有　；参考：《中国政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国市场经济的不断发展,私有财产制度在我国逐渐完善,作为民法重要精神之一的意思自治原则,逐渐成为人们日常生活中的重要原则,与之相伴而生的私有财产制度以及物权法规定不断完善。遗失物作为曾经“天下为公”的“交公”之物,随着社会经济发展和法律制度的完善,逐渐成为人们日常生活中常遇之物,以前拾到东西一律上交的观念已经过时,转而替代的是主体合法私有权的保护以及公序良俗的构建。《物权法》颁布以来,打破了单纯依靠道德自律维持的物权关系秩序,实现了所有权保护和合法占有人与拾得人之间的利益平衡和公平正义。另一方面,由于我国的物权法关于拾得遗失物制度的规定处于破冰的状态,仍然有改进的空间和亟待完善的方面,笔者希望通过对遗失物概念的探讨和拾得遗失物的法律效力研究,对我国相关法律的完善提出自己的独立思考。论文共分四章。论文第一章对遗失物范畴的界定。首先从科学的角度对遗失物进行定义和概念阐述,通过比较分析和综合归纳的方法对学者关于拾得遗失物的观点进行分析,并结合国外立法和史料,得出遗失物是丧失物上占有的有主动产这一结论,并在此基础上,论述遗失物的形成条件和特征。论文第二章论述拾得遗失物的法律渊源。研究遗失物的归属、遗失人和拾得人的权利义务及拾得遗失物的物权变动之法律根据和法理依据,主要采用历史分析和比较分析的方法。本章从拾得遗失物制度的历史沿革入手,通过对我国古代关于拾得遗失物制度的研究和梳理,追根朔源,探讨我国拾得遗失物制度“公权至上”的道德渊源,找寻我国拾得遗失物法律的精神来源和完善方向,接着比较分析国外的拾得遗失物制度和我国关于拾得遗失物的法律规定。我国民法的研究离不开罗马法和日耳曼法,而我国法制进步也是在吸收和借鉴外国先进立法的基础上发展的,历史告诉我们:知识和制度是可以迁移的。这一章比较外国和我国关于拾得遗失物的法律规定和价值取向,从法律解释和法理上明确国外拾得遗失物制度的优劣及对我国的影响和指导意义。第三章对我国立法关于拾得遗失物的法律效力进行评析,本章是全文的主体部分,一方面,通过论述《物权法》和《民法通则》中关于拾得遗失物的法律规定,结合我国的法律体系和法律精神论述我国现行的拾得遗失物的立法现状。另一方面,从自然法和法哲学原理分析我国现行的法律中权利人和拾得人的权利义务,并明确权利和义务的法理来源对其进行法理分析。第四章思考拾得遗失物法律效力之制度设计。法律总是滞后于社会经济和人民生活的发展,社会的发展又推动的法律的变迁。本章从现行拾得遗失物所有权归属和报酬请求权的角度出发,论述拾得遗失物的物权变动、利益平衡以及道德引导方面存在的问题,并提出拾得遗失物法律效力之制度设计意见,力求构建完善的拾得遗失物物权保护和拾得人保护体系。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the market economy in China, the system of private property is gradually perfected in our country. As one of the important spirit of civil law, the principle of autonomy has gradually become an important principle in people's daily life. The private property system and the provisions of property law have been perfected continuously. With the development of social economy and the perfection of the legal system, the thing of "Gong Gong" has gradually become a common thing in people's daily life. The idea that the law has been handed over is out of date, and the replacement is the protection of the legal private rights of the subject and the construction of public order and good customs. Since the enactment of the property law, it has broken the moral self-discipline dimension simply. The order of real right relationship has realized the balance of interests and fairness and justice between the protection of ownership and the legitimate possessor and the pickup. On the other hand, because the provisions of the property law of our country are in the state of ice breaking, there are still improvements in the space and the need to be finished. The author hopes to pass the concept of lost objects. Study and pick up the legal effect of lost objects, and put forward their own independent thinking on the perfection of relevant laws in China. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter of the thesis defines the category of lost objects. First, the definition and concept of lost objects are defined from the scientific point of view, and the scholars have been lost and lost through comparative analysis and comprehensive induction. The second chapter of the paper discusses the legal origin of the lost objects, the attribution of the lost objects, the rights and obligations of the lost and the pickup, and the collection of the rights and duties of the lost and pickup. This chapter, starting with the historical evolution of the system of lost objects, has studied and combed the system of lost objects in ancient China, and explores the morality of the system of "public power first" of the lost property system in our country. To find out the source and the perfect direction of the law of the lost objects in our country, and then to compare and analyze the foreign lost property system and the legal provisions on the lost objects in our country. The study of the civil law of our country can not be separated from the law of Rome and the Germanic law, but the progress of our legal system is also based on the absorption and reference of foreign advanced legislation. The history tells us that knowledge and system can be transferred. This chapter compares the legal provisions and value orientation of foreign and our country on picking up lost objects, and clearly defines the advantages and disadvantages of the system of lost objects and its guiding significance to our country from the legal interpretation and jurisprudence. The third chapter is about the law of our country on picking up the lost objects. This chapter is the main part of the full text. On the one hand, by discussing the legal provisions on the lost objects in the property law and the general rules of the civil law and combining the legal system and legal spirit of our country, the current legislative status of the existing lost objects in our country is discussed. The other side, from the natural law and the legal philosophy principle, analyzes the current state of our country. In the law, the rights and obligations of the owners and the pickers and the legal origin of the rights and obligations are clearly analyzed. The fourth chapter thinks about the system design of the legal effect of picking up the lost objects. The law is always lagging behind the development of the social economy and the people's life, the development of the society and the change of the law. From the angle of ownership of property ownership and the right of requesting reward, this paper discusses the problems of property change, balance of interests and moral guidance of the lost objects, and puts forward the system design opinions of picking up the legal effect of the lost objects, and strives to build a perfect system for the protection of the real right of lost objects and the protection of the picker.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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